Goal: To master Learning Targets #1-5 on chemical bonding

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Presentation transcript:

Goal: To master Learning Targets #1-5 on chemical bonding Step 1: Review valence electrons and oxidation numbers Step 2: Watch videos on Ionic Compounds/Bonding Step 3: Develop rules and methods to solve problems Step 4: Practice with Ionic Compounds!

Chemical (Intramolecular) Bonding

Review of the Periodic Table

Review of Valence Electrons

Question Time! How many valence electrons result in a stable atom? How many valence electrons does ___ have? Ca Ca+2 S S-2 Ne He

Electron Distribution in Atoms G. N. Lewis 1875 - 1946 What are some ways we have looked at the location of electrons in an atom? Lewis Dot Structures show only the number of valence electrons in an atom and can show how many bonds it can form.

Lewis Dot Structure Examples: Boron Bromine

Question Time! C H Al Cl Mg Na O Ca Ne S Draw the Lewis Dot Structures for the following atoms: C H Al Cl Mg Na O Ca Ne S

Common Ion Formation

Lewis Dot Structures for Ions Examples: Magnesium Oxygen

Question Time! S-2 Al+3 Cl-1 Draw the Lewis Dot Structures for the following ions: S-2 Al+3 Cl-1

But atoms usually never exist alone But atoms usually never exist alone. What happens when two atoms join together?

Types of Chemical Bonds There are 3 forms of chemical bonding: IONIC: Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal Complete transfer of 1 or more valence electrons from one atom to another (One loses electrons that the other gains, forming oppositely charged ions that attract one another) COVALENT: Occurs between two nonmetals Some valence electrons are shared between atoms METALLIC: Occurs between two metals A sea of electrons that can hold metals together *Most bonds are somewhere between ionic and covalent

Ionic Bonds All ionic compounds are made from ionic bonds. Positive cations and the negative anions are attracted to one another (Opposites Attract!) When this happens, small crystal structures form (like SALT)!

The type of bond can also be determined by examining the difference in electronegativity between the atoms.

Determining Types of Bonds If the difference in electronegativity is between: 1.7 to 4.0: Ionic Example: NaCl Na = 0.8, Cl = 3.0 Difference is 2.2, so this is an ionic bond!

Lewis Dot Structures: Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds: a transfer of e- from the metal (cation) to nonmetal (anion)

Question Time! Draw the ionic bonding between the following elements: Calcium and Phosphorous Aluminum and Chlorine Beryllium and Oxygen Lithium and Sulfur Potassium and Bromine