How is the Periodic Table arranged? Warm Up 9/19 How is the Periodic Table arranged?
Atoms, Molecules, & Compounds!
Matter is divided into 4 groups *ELEMENTS *COMPOUNDS *MIXTURES *SOLUTIONS
ELEMENT One of more than 100 basic kinds of matter that cannot be broken into smaller pieces through physical or chemical processes.
Periodic Table Families & Identifying
Learning Scale – I can … Differentiate between the various groups on the periodic table. Describe the various groups on the periodic table. Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons, or electrons. Identify patterns on the periodic table.
Development of the Periodic Table In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev noticed that patterns appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. In 1913, Henry Moseley rearranged the periodic table according to atomic number.
Organization of the Table of Elements Horizontal rows are called periods. Vertical columns are called groups. Atomic Mass= # of protons and neutrons Atomic Number = # of protons (or # of electrons)
Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
Characteristics of Metals Luster (shiny) Ductility (ability to be pulled into thin wires) Malleability (ability to be hammered) Conductor Almost all are solid at room temperature
Characteristics of Nonmetals Many are gases at room temperature. Solids are brittle No luster (dull) Good insulators
Characteristics of Metalloids Properties of both metals and nonmetals Semiconductor – conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures.
Compare and contrast metals and nonmetals. Discussion Compare and contrast metals and nonmetals.
ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member Soft and silvery metals Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity 1 Valence electron Color this group color 1
ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 White and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity 2 Valence electrons Color this group color 2
TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle (3-12) Good conductors of heat and electricity. Color this group color 3
BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 Valence electrons Most are metals Color this group color 4
CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 Valence electrons Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Color this group color 5
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 Valence Electrons Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals Color this group color 6
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 Valence electrons Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals Reactive Color this group color 7
Halogens Group 17 7 Valence electrons All are non-metals Very reactive -react with metals to form salt often bonds with Group 1 Color this group color 8
Noble Gases Group 18 Gases Non-metals 8 Valence electrons = Full (except He = 2) Not reactive with other elements Color this group color 9
Rare Earth Metals Lanthanides & Actinides Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Conduct electricity Color this group color 10 Rare Earth Metals
During the lesson, use the “Elements on the Periodic Table Notes” to record your information. Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should give each student a copy of the notes sheet to record important information during the lesson
What is the Periodic Table? It represents our understanding of the structure and usefulness of the atoms that have been identified in our environment Elements are organized on the Periodic Table based on similar properties Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record important information on their notes Picture from www.chem4kids.com
The Periodic Table contains over 100 different Elements Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide
What do the numbers and Letters mean? Instructional Approach(s): Transition slide leading to the answers on the next slide
O Oxygen Periodic Table 8 Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: 16 Atomic Number: Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. 8 O Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element. Oxygen Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: Number of protons + neutrons. 16 Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
The Atomic Mass Increases What do you notice about the Atomic Number of Elements as you move Left to Right and Up to Down on the Periodic Table of Elements? The Atomic Mass Increases Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should pose the question to the class. The teacher can call on students or ask for volunteers to answer the question. When ready, the teacher can click the mouse to show the answer
So how is the Periodic Table arranged? The Periodic Table is organized like a big grid. The properties of an element can be predicted from its location in the Periodic Table There are rows (left to right) and columns (up and down). Each row and column mean something different. Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the animated slide while the students record the important information on their notes.
Complete #13 on your Notes Sheet The Periodic Table can also be divided into three main types of Elements: Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals Complete #13 on your Notes Sheet Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the animated slide while the students record the important information on their notes.
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of atoms Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
An atom refresher An atom has three parts: Proton = positive Neutron = no charge Electron = negative The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. The electrons orbit the nucleus. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
What are elements? Elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules. To make molecules, you must have elements. Elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different weights and organization, they are all built in the same way. Information & picture from Chem4kids at http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
More about Elements.. Elements are the building blocks of all matter. The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a little like the alphabet of chemistry. The periodic table tells us several things… Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
Atomic Structure Atoms have a nucleus that contains Protons and Neutrons Electrons are contained in shells that surround the nucleus An atom is made of mostly empty space Protons have a positive charge Electrons have a negative charge Neutrons are Neutral
Atom Models There are two models of the atoms; however, we will be using the Bohr Model Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net
ATOM The smallest particle of an element with the same properties of the element.
MOLECULE The smallest part of a substance made from more than one atom that still has the properties of that substance
COMPOUND A kind of matter made of a chemical combination of two or more elements. Every compound has a formula that shows how many atoms of each element are in the compound. For example, H2O
Let’s Build Some Molecules And Compounds!
Element Symbol Color of Gummy Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Silicon Nitrogen
Let's start with a couple of Molecules Hydrogen Gas H2 Oxygen Gas O2
Now for some compounds Methane CH4 Silicon Dioxide SiO2 Ammonia NH3 Propane C3H8
Let's see how changing the amount of one element makes a difference Carbon Monoxide CO Carbon Dioxide CO2
Carbon monoxide CO A deadly, colorless, odorless, poisonous gas Carbon Dioxide CO2 a gas that is produced when people and animals breathe out or when certain fuels are burned and that is used by plants for energy When frozen, it becomes a solid called Dry Ice. What happens when Dry Ice “melts”?