Review for Final

Which of the following is commonly a part of background research for a federal archaeological compliance project? Checking the state archaeological site files for sites and surveys Checking historic maps Checking historic insurance maps Identifying and developing historic contexts Reviewing aerial photos and remote sensing Visiting Project area Reviewing county soil survey

What is the legal standard for Phase I, Identification? A reasonable and good faith effort to identify sites Reasonable means it conforms to professional standards and well-informed expectations Good faith means that a proper plan is faithfully executed Don’t need to find all sites Don’t need to comply with the wishes of consulting parties like the SHiPO

Which of the following is commonly a part of the Phase I, “identification” portion of a federal archaeological compliance project? Surface collections Excavating shovel tests Walking survey transects Making sketch maps of sites Delineating sites Analyzing artifacts recovered Writing report

What is the purpose of Phase II testing? Evaluating National Register of Historic Places eligibility What two steps are involved? Evaluate integrity Evaluate whether the site meets one or more of the four National Register criteria for eligibility Which criterion is most often relevant to archaeological sites? D

Which of the following is commonly a part of the Phase II, “evaluation” portion of a federal archaeological compliance project? Excavating test units Studying soils at the site Checking the county soil survey Identifying the occupations or components present Evaluating integrity Reconstructing the chain of title for historic sites Analyzing artifacts Performing spatial analyses Writing report

What is the purpose of Phase III Data recovery excavations? Recover a representative, valid, and reliable sample of data from the significant components of the site Analyze, document, and report the data

Which of the following is commonly a part of the Phase III, “data recovery” portion of a federal archaeological compliance project? Extensive horizontal excavation Detailed site mapping Detailed analyses of artifacts, soils, and ecofacts. Extensive documentation and detailed, thorough reporting

Soils What is soil? What are soil types? How do archaeologists use soil surveys? Soil horizons vs depositional units Horizons develop normally through chemical, physical, and biological processes Depositional units are strata that were deposited on top of an existing surface Some horizons are also depositional units The “strata” we observe and define during excavation can be either or both.

Soils How do archaeologists record and describe soil strata? Horizon depths Munsell colors Textures using texture triangle

Field Methods How big are shovel tests? In Florida? Elsewhere? How do you stake out an excavation unit? What is the length of the diagonal of a 1x2 m pit? What is the length of the diagonal of a 1x1 m pit? A 2x2 m pit?