The Periodic Table

Review Name the 3 types of sub-atomic particles. What charge do each of the sub-atomic particles have? A nucleus contains which sub-atomic particles? Which particles are found in the valence shells? Remember, atoms are the smallest unit of matter and are the basic building blocks of matter.

Organization The periodic table is organized into groups (families) and periods. The periods are horizontal, in which all atoms have the same number of shells. The groups are vertical, in which atoms have the same number of valence electrons. Common chemical and physical properties are found among elements of the same group or family. How many groups and periods are there? (Look at the periodic table in your book!)

Organization Noble gases are located in group 18 and are noted for their stability. They do not react with anything as they have a full valence shell. Non-metals. Halogens are located in group 17. They are the most reactive elements of all the non-metal elements. They react easily by taking electrons, thus forming negatively charged ions called anions. Non-metals. Alkali Metals are located in group 1. They are the most reactive of all the metal elements. They give away an electron, thus forming positively charged ions called cations. Alkaline Earth Metals are located in group 2. They are similar to alkali metals.

Organization Transition Metals are the groups 3 through 12. They have properties or normal metals, such as shiny, malleable, and conductive. Metalloids are located on the staircase and are a cross between metals and non-metals. They are solid at room temperature, can be shiny or dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity. They are used in electronics.

Practice Locate the following elements in the periodic table in your text book. State the period and group of each element, the number of shells, and the number of valence electrons each has. Potassium Fluorine Sulphur Helium Nitrogen *Atomic Number = # of protons. Atomic Mass = # of protons & neutrons.

Homework If not done - read pages 94-97 in your textbook and complete the questions (1-21). Pass in at the end of class!! Complete the periodic table handout. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLSfgNxoVGk