Sleep deprivation Chapter 5 The effects of total and partial sleep deprivation: – loss of REM and NREM sleep – sleep recovery patterns including amount of sleep required, REM rebound and microsleeps – sleep-wake cycle shifts during adolescence compared with child and adult sleep including ddelayed onset of sleep and need for sleep Study Design 2016 Chapter 5

Age and sleep

% of sleep changes with age LIFESPAN STAGES 1 & 2 (%) 3 & 4 (%) REM (%) Infants 10-30 30-40 40-50 Children 40-60 20-30 Adults 45-60 15-25 Elderly 50-80 5-15

Complete the following table: What are the age groups of How many hours of sleep a day do the following age groups need on average? % of sleep in NREM % of sleep in REM Children 3-4 year olds 5-10 year olds Adolescents 14-18 year olds Adults 19-30 year olds 31-45 year olds From the previous slides answer the following questions:

The adolescent sleep cycle Research looking into teenager’s sleep cycle around the world has found that: No matter where teenagers live, people tend to become “night owls” during their teenage years Teenagers need more sleep than adults to function (9-10 hours) The teenage sleep/wake cycle pattern shifts towards the evening (delayed phase) This shift in sleep pattern is biological

The adolescent sleep cycle In other words…. There is a delay in onset of sleep (going to sleep later) It takes longer for a teenager to wind down The adolescent sleep/ wake cycle only occurs during teenage years Shifts back to an adult pattern at 19.5 years in females and 21 years in males Most adults need 8 hours sleep Reasons for not getting enough sleep include: School -Homework -Electronic devices Part time jobs -School activities -Family commitments Television -Playing sport late at night

The adolescent sleep cycle Hormones that are released during the sleep/wake cycle are melatonin at night (including sleepiness) and cortisol in the day (encouraging alertness) are often delayed for up to two hours A common bedtime of 9:30pm-10:00pm is pushed back by two hours A sleep time of 11am to 7am, (Mon-Fri) will leave a teenager at least one hour short of sleep and in a sleep debt of at least 5 hours

Class activity! Go to p150 in your text book and complete Investigate 5.4

(Q1) Preferred wake up time in the morning Scores for each answer: A= 1 B=2 C=3 D=4 (Q3) Level of difficulty to fall asleep (Q5) Time taken to wake up in the morning P1) 1 P2)3 P3) 2 P4) 2 P5) 4 P6) 3 P7) 4 P8)4 P9) 3 P10) 4 P11) 1 P12) 1 P13) 3 P14) 4 P15) 1 P16) 4 P17) 4 P18) 4 P19) 1 P20) 4 P21) 2 P22) P23) P24) P25) P1) 4 P6) 1 P7) 3 P8)2 P9) 1 P10) 2 P11) 2 P12) 1 P13) 1 P14) 2 P15) 2 P16) 2 P17) 2 P18) 2 P19) 2 P20) 2 P21) 4 P3) 1 P4) 1 P7) 3 P8)3 P9) 1 P10) 3 P11) 2 P13) 4 P16) 3 P21) 1

Tasks Complete research methods template “Are you an owl or a Lark?” Read pages 149-153 and complete Review 5.3 p153