Assignment 3 for EPM-4910-2 Research Practices and Applications Crystal Green University of Denver College Date: April 19, 2015 Instructor: Sheila Summers

Study: “The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation ”

General Characteristics The goal in this article is to address three fundamental questions. How does children in households with only one biological parent differ from children in households with both biological parents? What accounts for the observed differences between these two groups of children? How does current policies strengthen marriage, decrease the rate of divorce, and lower non-marital fertility affect the overall well-being of American children (Amato, 2005)

Study Population The population consisted of out-of-wedlock children and those in other nontraditional family structures A study was conducted of 60 divorced families and 131 children. (Amato, 2005)

Research Design/Implications of research - Qualitative Research Design Implications of research - Future research requires consistency in the types of samples. To summarize general trends across such a large and varied body of research through meta-analysis. - Meta-analysis makes it possible to pool results across many studies and adjust for variations. (Amato, 2005)

Study: “The long-term consequences of parental divorce for children’s educational attainment”

General Characteristics The goal in this article is to fill gaps in literature by focusing on the penalty associated with a parental breakup for tertiary education achievement in a comparative perspective. (Bernard & Radi, 2014)

Study Population The population consisted of 14 countries: Australia, Austria, France, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia and Russia. The data collection took place between 2003-2008. Respondents were 25 years of age and older, totaling 83,048. (Bernard & Radi, 2014)

Research Design/Implications of research - Qualitative Research Design Implications of research - Future research requires more research examining the effect on long-term socioeconomic outcomes. - More attention towards moderating effects of socioeconomic background - Requirement of adequate data (Bernard & Radi, 2014)

Study: “Divorce- Effects On Children, Effects On Couples, Effects On Parents”

Article Characteristics & Population General Characteristics: The goal in this article is to reduce the negative effects of divorce Study Population: - The population consisted of group comparisons that demonstrates differences between the average adjustment level of children in first-marriage families and the average level of children whose parents have divorced (Demo & Supple, 2015)

Research Design/Implications of research - Qualitative Research Design Implications of research - Future research requires the development of strategies to assist children during the divorce process - Programs and policies can be developed to address the factors that ultimately compromise children's well-being during the divorce process. - Generate policies and programs that recognize the economic strain that divorcing parents custodial mothers face post-divorce. (Demo & Supple, 2015)

Study: “The Adjustment of Children with Divorced Parents: A Risk and Resiliency Perspective”

General Characteristics The goal in this article is to determine whether children are better off in an intact family situation or a divorce family and how mothers, fathers, and clinical or educational interventions can moderate the effects of divorce. (Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan , 1999)

Study Population The population consisted of research on the adjustment of children in divorced families and the risks and protective factors that contribute to children’s problems or well-being. (Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan , 1999)

Research Design/Implications of research - Quantitative Research Design Implications of research - Future research requires longitudinal research - Required adequate samples - Cultural, ethic and racial factors should be considered in studies of divorce - More information on children’s relationship with custodial, noncustodial parents, grandparents and siblings - Examination of diverse development trajectories and patterns of outcomes associated with divorce - Systematic investigations of interventions with divorced families that include long-term follow-ups (Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan , 1999)

Study: “The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children”

General Characteristics The goal in this article is to determine how individuals from married and divorced families differ in well-being and to access the state of knowledge on divorce in a balanced and relatively nonpartisan manner. (Amato , 2000)

Study Population The population consisted of a meta-analysis of 92 studies that compared the well-being of children whose parents had divorced with that of children whose parents were married to each other. (Amato , 2000)

Research Design/Implications of research - Quantitative Research Design Implications of research - Future research should consist of current literature that might help to inform the debate between those who see divorce as a necessary and beneficial alternative to mandatory lifelong marriage. (Amato , 2000)

References Amato, Paul R. “The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation.” Journal of Marriage and Child Wellbeing, 15, no. 2 (2005) Amato, P. R. (2000), The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62: 1269–1287. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x Bernard, Fabrizio Radi, Jonas. “The long-term consequences of parental divorce for children’s educational attainment,” Demographic Research 30, no 61 (May 2014): 1651-1680 E. Mavis Hetherington and Margaret Stanley-Hagan (1999). The Adjustment of Children with Divorced Parents: A Risk and Resiliency Perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, pp 129-140. Demo, David H. Supple, Andrew J.” Divorce - Effects On Children, Effects On Couples, Effects On Parents.” Blinds International, accessed April 10, 2015. http://family.jrank.org/pages/413/Divorce.html (Amato , 2000)