The Civil Rights Movement

Integration/Desegregation _____________ Truman integrates US military (1948) Executive Order 9981 January 1948: President Truman decides to end segregation in the armed forces and the civil service through administrative action (executive order) rather than through legislation.

2. _______________ - 1st African American pro baseball player Jackie Robinson

Brown v Board of Education Central High School in Little Rock, AR 3. _____________________________ = claimed separate facilities were inherently unequal _____________________________ Governor calls National Guard to block black students’ entry ______________: President sends troops to escort 9 black students Brown v Board of Education Central High School in Little Rock, AR Little Rock 9

Little Rock 9

Central High School, Little Rock

Protestors at CHS, Little Rock

Protestors at CHS, Little Rock

To honor the memory of Kennedy 4. __________________: bans/outlaws segregation in US schools and public places = end to segregation a. Pushed through Congress by President Johnson “__________________________” Civil Rights Act of 1964 To honor the memory of Kennedy “No eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy’s memory, [than the] earliest passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought so long.”

5. ________________: outlaws literacy tests needed to register to vote Bans Jim Crow laws _______________: over 1,000 college students help register blacks in Mississippi Voting Rights Act of 1965 Freedom Summer

Civil Rights Groups

Southern Christian Leadership Conference Civil Rights Groups _______________________________________ (SCLC): non-violent protest group that advocated civil rights ________________ = leader March on Birmingham Police attack crowd with fire hoses and dogs Southern Christian Leadership Conference Martin Luther King

Southern Christian Leadership Conference Letter from a Birmingham Jail Civil Rights Groups _______________________________________ (SCLC): non-violent protest group that advocated civil rights ________________ = leader March on Birmingham Police attack crowd with fire hoses and dogs ___________________________ : letter that supports civil disobedience tactics (i.e., non-violent protests to gain equal rights for African Americans) March on Washington - 200,000 people protest for “jobs, justice, and peace” i.___________________________ - future where races co-exist in harmony Southern Christian Leadership Conference Martin Luther King Letter from a Birmingham Jail I have a Dream Speech

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

2. SNCC ___________________________ Amendment = Supreme Court bans bus segregation ___________ … decide to “test”  riots MLK’s assassination makes people question effectiveness of non-violence (i.e., methods) SNCC  ____________________________ Advocate violence to resist oppression _____________ movement seeking unity and self reliance of black community Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Freedom Rides Student National Coordinating Committee Black Power

Compare and contrast the Paul and Silas story with the plight of civil rights workers. Explain the similarities and differences. Why are freedom songs effective? Explain your answer. How does this excerpt from “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” aim to convince white ministers to gain a sense of urgency?