Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles Life – it’s all about the cell

Levels of organization ATOMS  elements Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA (biomolecules) ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions CELLS – **1st level of life ** TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM 8 levels

Example

Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells. There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small pro=before kary=nucleus Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small 1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material Most have a cell wall Do NOT have organelles

DNA

Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi) eu=true kary=nucleus Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi) Found on Earth 1.5 BYA Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Quick check – Why is this cell eukaryotic? Because it has a cell wall. Because it contains DNA. Because it has membrane-bound organelles. Because it does not have DNA. Nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes Organelles Plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Cell/Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus Chloroplast Mitochondria Smooth ER/ Rough ER Ribosome Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Lysosome Cytoskeleton Cilia Flagella

1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins

2. Cell Wall -Provides protection and support to the cell -Found around the cell membrane -Only in plant cells

3. Cytoplasm Fluid that supports and holds organelles in place

4. Nucleus – control center of cell has DNA 5. Nuclear envelope/membrane – controls what goes in and out of the nucleus 6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

7. Chloroplast -Green organelle found in plants And some protists. -Photosynthesis occurs here, use suns energy to make sugar

8. Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration breaks down sugar to make ATP!

9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids 10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports proteins

11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis. (Creating protein from DNA)

12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – produces vesicles, modifies, packages and transports proteins around/out of the cell

13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products. Large and central in plant cells Small and numerous in animal cells

14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell microfilaments microtubules

16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement 16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement Tail-like projections for movement Ciliated respiratory cells

18. Centrioles – found in animal cells ONLY, aid in cellular division