“If I Fail” by Tupac If in my quest 2 achieve my goals I stumble or crumble and lose my soul Those that knew me would easily co-sign There was never life as hard as mine No father-no money-no chance and no guide I only follow my voice inside if it guides me wrong and I do not win I'll learn from mistakes and try 2 achieve again.

Catalyst What are the four macromolecules and their function? Use the top of the note sheet!!

How do enzymes maintain homeostasis within the human body? Essential Question How do enzymes maintain homeostasis within the human body?

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions: change one substance to another For Example: 2H2O2➝ 2H2O+O2

2H2O2 ➝ 2H2O+O2 A Chemical Journey Follow the arrow Reactant(s) = Substrate(s): come BEFORE the arrow Product(s): come AFTER the arrow

Quick Practice 1. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl 2. 2HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl2 Circle the substrate(s) Box the product(s) 1. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl 2. 2HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl2 3. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy 4. 6H2O + 6CO2 + Sun  C6H12O6 + 6O2

Enzymes

Catalyst: something that speeds up a chemical reaction Enzyme: proteins that speed up/help jump start reactions in an organism Therefore enzymes are catalysts because they speed up biochemical reactions We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies! e.g. Digesting food, replicating DNA

Enzymes (Notes) Substrate: the material that an enzyme binds to and breaks down Complex: enzyme and substrate together Active site: Where the enzyme and substrate bind together

Specificity (speh-sah-fi-ci-tee) activity

Say: Student 1: I am a specific enzyme (hold up piece) Student 2: I am the specific substrate (hold up piece) Together: We bind together at the active site (put together pieces) to produce a product

Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes often end in -ase Lactase breaks down lactose Amylase breaks down amylose Use your own first name to make up your personal enzyme breaks down substrate combination. Make sure to use -ase and -ose Write on your paper Ex: Jamalase breaks down Jamalose

Quick Check 1. What’s a substrate? 2. What do enzymes usually end in? 3. Is catalase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? 4. What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

Enzyme Specificity Enzymes are reusable: meaning _________ Enzymes are specific: They only work with one substrate The enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key Enzymes are reusable: meaning _________ therefore the enzyme is not changed during a reaction The substrate is changed, it becomes the product(s)

Why does some food dissolve in my mouth, but other macromolecules do not????

Enzymes (Notes) enzyme substrate products lactose + H2O lactase Label reactants & products. What is the enzyme? Where can we put it to show it doesn’t get used up? lactose + H2O glucose + galactose substrate products

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? Enzymes DECREASE the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Activation energy: is the amount of energy required for reactant molecules to begin a chemical reaction

Reaction without Enzyme Activation Energy Reaction without Enzyme Reaction with Enzyme Reactions without an enzyme: require more energy to start Reactions with an enzyme: require less energy to start

Factors That Influence Enzyme Rates The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by 1. amount of substrate 2. Temperature 3. pH pH: Measurement of how acidic (0-7) or Basic (7-14) a solution pH = 7 is neutral

Most enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH The optimal temperature and pH is the temperature and pH at which the enzyme works the best

Destroying Enzymes Notes Denature: enzyme changes shape so that it no longer works properly Destroying Enzymes Notes An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE Enzymes are denatured by high temperatures and low pHs.

Enzyme failure or destruction can result in disease or death

EXIT TICKET

What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions called? Question 1 What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions called? A. Amino acids B. Reactants C. Enzymes D. Substrates

Question 2 What is a substrate? A. The compound that is before the arrow in a chemical reaction B. Another name for an enzyme C. The material that an enzyme binds to D. The term used to describe the structure formed after an enzyme binds with a complex

How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Question 3 How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction? A. Enzymes increase the activation energy needed for a reaction to start B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction to start C. Enzymes do not alter activation energy of chemical reactions D. Enzymes initially decrease activation energy than increase it

Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? Question 4 Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? A. enzymes cannot be reused after a reaction B. Enzymes are organic catalysts C. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions D. Enzymes can bind to any substrate

An enzymes job is determined by its what? Question 5 An enzymes job is determined by its what? A. size B. shape C. color D. Activation energy

Answers

What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions called? Question 1 What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions called? A. Amino acids B. Reactants C. Enzymes D. Substrates

Question 2 What is a substrate? A. The compound that is before the arrow in a chemical reaction B. Another name for an enzyme C. The material that an enzyme binds to D. The term used to describe the structure formed after an enzyme binds with a complex

How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Question 3 How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction? A. Enzymes increase the activation energy needed for a reaction to start B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction to start C. Enzymes do not alter activation energy of chemical reactions D. Enzymes initially decrease activation energy than increase it

Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? Question 4 Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? A. enzymes cannot be reused after a reaction B. Enzymes are organic catalysts C. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions D. Enzymes can bind to any substrate

An enzymes job is determined by its what? Question 5 An enzymes job is determined by its what? A. size B. shape C. color D. Activation energy