Revolutions & the Nation state

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Presentation transcript:

Revolutions & the Nation state

Congress of Vienna September 1814 – meeting of European leaders after defeat of Napoleon Prince Klemens von Metternich Conservatism & Balance of Power Concert of Europe Principle of Intervention

Forces of Change Liberalism People should be as free as possible from govt. restraint Nationalism Loyalty shifted from monarch to nation Strong ally in liberalism Revolutionary Outbursts Began in 1830

Revolutions of 1848 Another French Revolution Second Republic established – November 1848 Trouble in the German States Revolution failed to gain support – unification not achieved Revolutions in Central Europe Revolutions fail in Austria Metternich ousted Revolts in the Italian States Austria controlled Northern Italy – put down unification attempts

Toward national unification Breakdown of the Concert of Europe Crimean War Italian Unification 1861 – new state of Italy declared German Unification Otto von Bismarck 1871 – Second German Empire Declared

Reform in Europe Great Britain Managed to avoid revolutionary upheaval France Restores empire Austria Compromise of 1867 – becomes Austria-Hungary Russia Rural, agricultural, autocratic