Unit 3 Europe Emerges, 600-1200 Chapter 10

“Medieval” Byzantium’s conflict with Islam helped inspire Western Europe in the 11th century. Byzantium inherited a confidence of Roman Empire while Western Europe could not achieve political unity and suffered economic decline. Middle age, between greeco-roman and renaissance in 14th century

The Byzantine Empire 600-1200

An Empire Beleaguered Eastern Empire supreme legal and religious authority. Why? Conversion of Islam- Schism (Latin Church v. Orthodox Church) Having a single ruler. By 12th century, 2/3rd of Christians in former byzantine territories (egypt, sytia, and tunisia) Fought over territory and church practices

Society and Urban Life Byzantine decline, not as rapid as in the west. Rigid family life Emperors intervened in economy Cities suffered Western Europe Declines rapidly Barter Population urbanization Byzantine decline- end of middle class, disguised by roman inheritance; women secluded but ruled along side husbands; set prices monopolized

Cultural Achievements Body of Civil Law Domed Buildings Cyrillic script spread Collection of Roman laws; basis of western european law; building adopted in 15,16th

Early Medieval Europe, 600-1000

From the Roman Empire to Germanic Kingdoms In the 5th century Roman Empire broke down. _________ ruled a number of different kingdoms. Invasions: In the 8th century Carolingians united Frankish kingdoms: Gaul, Germany, Italy Germanic kings; muslim arabs, berbers took Iberian peninsula and france; Gaul, Germany Italy

Vikings (late 8th and 9th centuries) Invaded: France, England, and Spain Norman William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066. He also expelled the ________ from Sicily in 1060

A Self-Sufficient Economy Decline of Roman Empire led to: Self sufficient and reliant on “small Germanic traditions” Manors Lords Fief (became hereditary) vassal serfs 1. deurbanization 2. decline in trade- became more centralized.

Early Medieval Society in the West A class of nobles emerged into _______. Landowning and military service became inseparable. Feudalism- Why? Military service lead to new ________. This was expensive, therefore knights needed land to support themselves. Knights- Network of relationships between landholding and the obligation to provide military service to a lord; protection; stirrup, armor, bigger horses

Kings were weak because: The lord’s manor was the government Noble women were pawns in marriage politics. They depended on vassals for protection, gave up land, could not tax church (had more land), little financial resources, ; marriages were arranged between nobles, based on landownership and military service

The Western Church The Roman noble lost control of the papacy The Catholic Church became a force of _____ in the fragmented Medieval Europe. Church deals with issues such as: UNITY; education shortages, political disorder, lingering polytheism, clergy still marrying, nepotism(favoratism to kin), simony; banned first-cousin marriage

Politics and the Church Merging of powers between church and state Holy Roman Empire- 962 Charlemagne Pope Gregory VII makes a bold move Loose coalition of German princes p. 229

Investiture Controversy How was this resolved? Concordat of Worms 1122 Henry II tried to bring the church under control as part of his general effort to strengthen his power. I.c= areument on who should have the power to appoint bishops who held land in fief. Resolved at Worms 1122 in Germany when pope gives Godly authority but king gives secular authority. In the past king had both.

Monasticism Originally developed in Egypt. Regular v. Secular clergy 1. 2. 3. Regular v. Secular clergy Benedictine abbey of Cluny: They also served as ____, _____, _______. Mono- nuns/monks living in communities; 1 isolation2poverty3obedience to abbot; set of written rules to govern monastary. Also served as inns, orphanages, and agricultural estates

Kievan Russia, 900-1200 Russia runs from the Black and Caspian Seas in the south to the Baltic and White Seas in the north.

Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and Turks Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and Turks. Forest dwellers, steppe nomads, and farmers traded with each other. Long distance trade linked Russia to the Silk Road. Kiev and Novgorod Kiev and Novgorod- centers of trade. Slav-from central and eastern europe (czechs, poles, -slavia) finns- sweedish finnland

In 980 Vladimir I became Grand Prince of Kiev. What did he choose as the official state religion? Why? Adopted culture of Byzantine Internal political struggles and conflict with external foes led to a decline in Kievan Russia after 1100. Jews kingdom was destroyed, Muslims couldn’t drink, Impressed with beauty of Constantinople

Society and Culture Depended on trading instead of agriculture. Why? Social status higher than peasants. Small population. Christianity spread slowly. Polytheism and pagan customs lasted until the 12th century.

Western Europe Revives, 1000-1200 Slow population increase, money based economy, new technology Population doubled; kings gained power

Cities and Rebirth of Trade Cities turned to manufacturing and runaway serfs increased population A year and a day Trade Italy, Venice= Flanders= Coins Dominant sea power trade with muslims, made wool

The Crusades, 1095-1204 Israel/Jordan/Palestine= “Holy Land” Under Muslim control for centuries; tolerance/everyone is welcome Turkish nomads became a threat to Christians

The Roots of the Crusades Reasons: Pope Urban II (1095) 1. religious zeal 2. knights willingness to engage in church sanctioned warfare 3. desire for land 4. interest in trade. - ma

The Impact of the Crusades Limited impact on Muslim world. Why? Effects: Ended European intellectual isolation- translation of Arabic (Greek) literature; MEDICINE; trade, poetry, guitar (lute)