Cellular Respiration

Adenosine Triphosphate energy P enzymes Universal energy carrier of the cell Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Primarily in mitochondria Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)

Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm 2ATP energize & break the glucose PGAL PGAL A P P P A P P P C C A P P P C C C C A P P P nucleus mitochondria

Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm 2ATP energize & break the glucose Enzymes add two more P NAD removes H to create NADH… 4ATP created Two Pyruvate (3C) molecules created Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs (net gain of 2) NADH (H taxis) A P PGAL NAD PGAL A P P C C H P NAD C H pyruvates NAD C C C P A P A P nucleus P NAD A P A P A P A P mitochondria

Glycolysis Summary

Moving to the “powerhouse” matrix inner membrane C C C pyruvates pyruvate nucleus A P A P A P A P pyruvate mitochondria

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: In the matrix inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: In the matrix Area 1: Pyruvate broken into acetic acid NAD removes H to create NADH CO2 waste generated Acetic acid C H C CO2 C NAD NAD C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 2: Coenzyme-A bonds to acetic acid… creating Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetic acid CoA C C H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 3: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 3: Citric acid is formed when Acetyl-CoA bonds with a 4C molecule from the previous Kreb’s cycle Acetyl-CoA Citric acid CoA C C C H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 4: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 4: Citric acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule NAD + H bonds to make NADH CO2 waste released Citric acid C CO2 C H C C C C NAD NAD H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 5: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 5: 5C broken into 4C molecule NAD + H bonds to make NADH 2ADP + 2P bonds to make 2ATP CO2 waste released CO2 C A P A P H C C C C NAD A P A P NAD H H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule NADH and FADH2 created H C C C C H C H C C C NAD FAD FAD NAD H H H C C C

Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: inner membrane The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6: Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule NADH and FADH2 created Acetyl-CoA bonds to 4C molecule to recreate citric acid Process repeats Citric acid CoA C C C C C C H H H H H H C C C

Kreb’s Summary 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

Cellular Respiration matrix Inner membrane Matrix H C ATP synthase

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase Inner membrane Matrix H e e H e H NAD NAD NAD e H e H FAD Electron Transport Chain Area 1: NADH and FADH2 deliver H and electrons

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix H H H H H Electron Transport Chain Area 2: H+ ions pumped out of the matrix

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix A P A P A P A P A P A P P P P Electron Transport Chain Area 3: ATP produced when H diffuses back into the matrix ADP + P bond to create ATP 34 ATPs created

Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase e e e Inner membrane e e Matrix H O H H O Electron Transport Chain Area 4: Water created by O + H + e bond together Water exits as waste H A P A P A P

Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

Review Place the following steps in order from start to finish. A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane E) Citric acid created F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules

Kobe Kuiz Place the following steps in order from start to finish. G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A E) Citric acid created A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase

Kreb’s (Citric Acid) Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Electron Transport Chain

Kreb’s (Citric Acid) Cycle