Joints.

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Presentation transcript:

Joints

What is a Joint? A location where two bones make contact Allow movement Provide support

Joint Classification Classified structurally and functionally

Joint Classification STRUCTURALLY Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Joint Classification FUNCTIONAL Synarthrosis Amphiartrosis Diarthrosis

Fibrous Joints Connected by dense connective tissue (collagen) Fixed/immovable Skull

Cartilaginous Joints Connected only by cartilage Form growth regions Spinal column Sternum

Synovial Joints Bones are separated by a cavity filled with fluid There are 6 Gliding Condyloid Saddle Hinge Ball and socket Pivot

Gliding Smooth movement in many directions with a smooth surface Hand and foot

Condyloid Irregular surface where bones are gliding past each other Wrist

Saddle Two bones that fit together Bending motion Thumb

Hinge Form between 2 bones Flex and extend Elbow

Ball and Socket Allow stable movements in several directions Bending in several directions Hip joint

Pivot Rotational motion occurs without gliding Heads range of motion

Bursae & Tendon Sheaths Associated with synovial joints Bags of lubricant Located near tendons/ligaments/joints

Bunion Bunion- enlarged bursa at the base of the big toe, swollen from rubbing

Bursae & Tendon Sheaths Tendon sheath- elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon Subject to friction

Joint Injuries Sprain Ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

Joint Injuries Cartilage Injuries Snap/pop of cartilage when working out Cartilage is avascular (cant repair itself)

Joint Injuries Dislocations Bones forced out of alignment Subluxation- partial dislocation

Arthritis Over 100 different types Most widespread crippling disease 1/7 Americans

Osteoarthritis Most common chronic arthritis Related to aging Enzymes break down cartilage Progresses slowly Aspirin, therapy

Rheumatoid Arthritis Arises between 40-50 Joint stiffness Flare-ups Autoimmune (body attacks itself) Reaction is unknown (bacteria?)

Gouty Arthritis Uric acid levels rise and can’t be excreted properly Bones can fuse and immobilize joint Patients need to control diet (promoting uric acid production)