Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Objectives: Describe the relationship between evidence and opinion in scientific explanations. Demonstrate the ability to observe, infer, investigate, compare, communicate, classify, order, draw conclusions and use time/space relationships. Identify elements of well-designed investigations and valid conclusions. Explain how communication and collaboration among scientists can lead to constructive debate and changes in scientific thinking. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2

Activity time !! Explore the natural world  Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Activity time !! Explore the natural world  Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Science is the study of the natural world through making careful observation and investigation. Observation is when you use one of your five senses to collect information. Investigations are procedures carried out to observe, study, or test something to learn more about it. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 4

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Question 1 in CW Using one of your five senses, write one observation that you could make about this fossil ! Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 5

Science has only one branch ? Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Science has only one branch ? Absolutely Not! There is a branch of science that is called paleontology. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

What do you think this scientist is doing ? Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? What do you think this scientist is doing ? He is trying to observe the landscape, search for fossils, once found, compares it to other fossils found in other parts of the world. He is called PALEONTOLOGIST, who is concerned with the study of the history of life on earth. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7

Question 2 in CW! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 8 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 8

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? What All Scientists Do? Scientists use investigations to try to explain how and why things in the natural world happen. They use the science skills which are: ….. using the five senses ….. which is procedures carried out to observe, study, or test something to learn more about it. Comparing what they do and then ….. objects by color, size, shape. Scientists must think critically about the results of their investigations to learn more about the natural world. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 9

Question 3 in CW!! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 10 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 10

SPLIT INTO TWO GROUPS AND LET’S PLAY  (questions & answers) Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? SPLIT INTO TWO GROUPS AND LET’S PLAY  (questions & answers) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 11

Who knows what are squirming maggots ?? Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Who knows what are squirming maggots ?? Does they come from non living objects and rotting food ? Back in time they used to think that flies and worms come from rotten food and as an evidence to that, the dead animal’s body becomes loaded with squirming maggots Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 12

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! To a scientist, evidence is information that is collected during a scientific investigation. Evidence can be direct. A fossil of a dinosaur skull is direct evidence that dinosaurs once lived. Evidence can be indirect. A fossil of a dinosaur footprint is indirect evidence of dinosaurs. Evidence is used to draw conclusions. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 13

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! Here is an example of a scientist that planned and conducted investigations to gather evidence: In the 1660s, a scientist named Dr. Francesco Redi designed an experiment on maggots. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 14

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! Redi put fresh meat in two jars. He covered one jar with cloth and left the other jar uncovered. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 15

Prove It! He observed the meat over many days. Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! He observed the meat over many days. He saw that flies landed on the meat in the uncovered jar. No flies landed on the meat in the covered jar. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! Soon, there were maggots on the meat in the uncovered jar. There were no maggots on the meat in the covered jar. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 17

Prove It! Redi repeated the experiment many times. Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! Redi repeated the experiment many times. Each time, he observed the same thing: Maggots grew on meat that flies landed on, but no maggots appeared on meat with no flies. He concluded that maggots come from eggs that flies lay. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 18

Video! (Redi’s experiment) Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 19 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 19

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Prove It! So after making observations and asking questions, planning and conducting investigations, and using evidence to explain those investigation, who can tell me Which jar would the meat in the image below have been in? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 20

Question 4 in CW! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 21 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 21

A Sticky Trap How to Draw Conclusions Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? A Sticky Trap How to Draw Conclusions Scientists repeat investigations over and over to draw conclusions. The conclusions are always based on evidence. Don’t jump to conclusions too quickly! Repeat your investigations, think about what you can infer from your observation and only then you can draw your conclusion. Inference is a conclusion based on an observation. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 22

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Opinion or Evidence? Opinions are beliefs or judgments. Scientists do not use opinions or personal feelings to draw conclusions. Personal feelings and opinions should not affect how you do investigations. Science is about keeping an open mind, don’t ignore evidence just because you don’t like what it means. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 23

Question 5 in CW!! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 24 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24

Distinguish between the following: Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Distinguish between the following: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 25

Question 6 in CW! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 26 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 26

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Knowledge Grows: Scientists communicate, or share, the results of investigations. When they communicate clearly, other scientists can repeat the investigations and compare the results. Scientific knowledge grows when communicated as scientists expand on one another’s ideas. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 27

Question 7 in C.W! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 28 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 28

Knowledge Grows! Example of the good communication: Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Knowledge Grows! Example of the good communication: In 1792, Stephen Gray showed that electrical energy can be carried through a wire, without Gray’s discovery, Edison, in 1882, wouldn’t be able to imagine an electricity generating station. Knowledge kept growing through communicating that lead to the discovery of computers, video games that are now fast, complex and interactive. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 29

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Meet the Scientists! Many people work as many different types of scientists. Astronomers: study how the universe works, using time/space relationships to investigate the black holes and galaxies that are so far away. They measure space distances in unit called light-years, that’s how far light can travel in one earth year. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 30

Question 8 in CW! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? 31 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 31

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Meet the Scientists! Botanists: investigate questions about plants, such as how environmental conditions impact the plant’s life cycle. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 32

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Meet the Scientists! Taxonomists: identify types of living things and classify them into categories based on specific characteristics. (color, pattern, size, shape) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 33

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Meet the Scientists! Scientists may need to place objects or events in order. They may also need to classify objects or events based on specific characteristics. Question 9 in CW! How do you know the order, or correct sequence, for the images below? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 34

Meet the Scientists! Question 10 in CW! Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Meet the Scientists! Question 10 in CW! Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 35

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 36

Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 37