Jefferson

Election of 1800 Adams v. Jefferson “Revolution” of 1800 Adams unpopular due to Alien and Sedition Acts Jefferson and DRs viewed this as tyranny Jefferson campaigned against national bank and taxed Jefferson wins election with help of South “Revolution” of 1800 Give power back to the states and people Democratic Republican First peaceful transition of power between political parties Federalist Party Disappears

Who is Jefferson? Born in VA Graduated William and Mary College A practicing lawyer Member of the Virginia’s House of Burgesses Father of the DoI Secretary of State under Washington VP under Adams Owned 200 slaves

Jefferson in Office POTUS 1801-1812 Reduced size and influence of national gov’t Paid off gov’t debt, cut spending, got rid of whiskey Kept nat’l bank Changed tax system Made money by selling lands in the west Reduced size of military No standing army, relied on local militias Removed laws on immigrants and citizenship 5 years of residence to become a citizen Pardoned those convicted under Sedition Act

TJ’s Inaugural Address Goals Reach out to his political opponents Heal the divide DR v. Federalist Party Strongly shows support for religion “We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists…”

Simplifying the Presidency Walked to his own inauguration Wore work clothes when receiving visitors Appealed to common people Favored free trade over gov’t controlled tariffs Federalists decline in Congress New settlers in the west tended to vote DR TN, KY Represented farmers’ interests

Louisiana Purchase Napoleon- leader of France following French Revolution Persuaded King of Spain to give land owned in U.S. to him (1801) Needed money to fight the British Jefferson wanted to expand west Constitution does not mention buying land 1803- the US buys Louisiana Territory from Napoleon $15 million (3 cents per acre) Double size of US Began American dream of expanding westward

Lewis and Clark Jefferson – agrarian republic Sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore new territory Met Sacagawea, a Native American woman who became their guide and translator Navigated rivers and ultimately reached Pacific Ocean 178 new species of plant life, 122 new species of animals

Internationals Tensions France and Britain at war American ships caught between Britain and France’s navy Impressment = forcible enlistment of sailors British impress US sailors from 1808-1811

The Supreme Court Federalist were influential in SCOTUS Adams appointed John Marshall, a Federalist to be chief justice Served on the court for more than 30 years Rulings strengthened the national gov’t Before Adams left office, he passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 Increased the number of federal judges to 16 “Midnight judges”- given jobs on the last day of his presidency Packed the court with Federalists to keep their power

Marbury v. Madison 1803 William Marbury – one of the midnight judges didn’t receive his official papers to receive his court job James Madison (Sec. of State) was supposed to deliver them Marbury sued, stating the Judiciary Act of 1789 required the SCOTUS to deliver the papers

Judicial Review Marshall decided this part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Constitution did not empower the SCOTUS to issue orders Established judicial review The ability of the SCOTUS to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional Strengthened judicial branch

Jefferson’s Mistake Jefferson’s popularity soared after Louisiana Purchase In 1807, the British began impressing American sailors into service Seized more than 1,000 American ships and cargoes Embargo Act of 1807 Ban on exporting products to other countries Thought it would hurt Britain and force them to accept neutrality Hurt American economy