ARTICLE II

Executive Depts. & Bureaucracy THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH The President The Vice President The Cabinet Executive Depts. & Bureaucracy

Important Amendments 12: In a tie, House votes for Pres. & Senate votes for V.P. 22: 2 4-yr terms 23: D.C. gets 3 electors 25: V.P. becomes President; If V.P. office is vacant, the President appoints one w/ Senate approval.

Compensation Salary: $400,000 $50,000 for expenses $100,000 for travel $19,000 for entertainment White House 132 rooms and office Camp David Resort Medical & Dental Care Secret service protection-life Pension Transportation

What do we Want in A President?

Constitutional (article 2, section 1) Qualifications for Pres. & V.P. Must be 35 years old Must be a natural born citizen Must have lived in the U.S. the last 14 years

Social/Historical Qualifications for Pres. & V.P. White Protestant Middle-Aged (or older) College-educated High income Government Official or War Hero

“Greatness” C-SPAN Survey 2017 Lincoln, Washington, FDR, TR, Eisenhower, Truman, Jefferson, JFK, Reagan, LBJ, Wilson Obama, Monroe, Polk, Clinton, McKinley, Madison, Jackson, J Adams, HW Bush, JQ Adams, Grant, Cleveland, Taft, Ford, Carter, Coolidge, Nixon, Garfield, Harrison, Taylor, Hayes W Bush, Van Buren, Arthur, Hoover, Fillmore, Harrison, Tyler, Harding, Pierce, A Johnson, Buchanan

“Greatness” C-SPAN Survey 2017 Lincoln, Washington, FDR, TR, Eisenhower, Truman, Jefferson, JFK, Reagan, LBJ, Wilson Obama, Monroe, Polk, Clinton, McKinley, Madison, Jackson, J Adams, HW Bush, JQ Adams, Grant, Cleveland, Taft, Ford, Carter, Coolidge, Nixon, Garfield, Harrison, Taylor, Hayes W Bush, Van Buren, Arthur, Hoover, Fillmore, Harrison, Tyler, Harding, Pierce, A Johnson, Buchanan

Why Great Men Are Not Chosen President “The safe candidate may not draw in quite so many votes from the moderate men of the other side as the brilliant one would, but he will not lose nearly so many from his own ranks. Even those who would admit his mediocrity will vote straight when the moment for voting comes. Besides, the ordinary American voter does not object to mediocrity. He likes his candidate to be sensible, vigorous, and above all, what he calls ‘magnetic’ and does not value, because he sees no need for, originality or profundity, a fine culture or wide knowledge… “It must also be remembered that the merits of a president are one thing and those of a candidate are another.” --James Bryce, The American Commonwealth (1888)

Popular “Great” Presidents

Popular “Great” Candidates #betterPOTUScandidate

Historical Elections No Parties in Constitution Originally, whoever won was president, whoever came in 2nd was vice president 1800: Jefferson & Burr each have their own VPs, and tie. 3x. House determines Jefferson winner (Burr became VP)

HOW TO BECOME PRESIDENT A step-by-step guide HOW TO BECOME PRESIDENT

Step 1: Get to Primaries 2-3 years early: name “mention” and check for a positive reaction Get a team & raise $ in key states (at least $30 million) Decide which primaries & caucuses to enter Advertise! (TV, web, speeches)

Step 2: Win the Party Convention Nomination Primaries (direct votes) Closed: registered party members Open: independents & members of any party *crossover voting: voting in a primary not of your party* Caucus (local parties via physical bodies) *Only 10 states* Superdelegates = democrats only Win Early to Snowball states … Frontloaded = National convention in July, but primaries & caucus are Jan-March

When do states choose their nominee for president? National Conventions = out of power party goes first

Your Assignment Find America’s Next Great president What are his/her qualifications? What positive & negative things will be brought up from his/her’s past? What personal characteristics does he/she have that will make him a winnable CANDIDATE? What personal characteristics does he/she have that will make him a Great PRESIDENT? What Party? What Major issues will he stand for? Who will be the VP – and answer the above questions for him/her, too.

Your Assignment STEP 1 & 2: The Primaries How will he/she raise (at least) $30 million? Which popular Americans will back him? Which primaries/caucuses will he/she enter (& PRICE)? How will his/her team spend that $30 million? What slogan will he/she have?

Step 3: Get to the Presidential Election Raise MORE $ (1 billion+), visit battleground & big states, media 3-4x a day, poll-poll-poll New media blitz with higher emphasis on negative ads & informing voters (issues, candidates’ pasts, character) Get voters registered Campaign. Affects 4% of the vote

Getting the Voters Involved Franchise = Suffrage = Right to vote Electorate: Those eligible to vote Recall: Voters seek to remove an elected official. Incumbent: an official already in office

Expansion of Suffrage 1780s: religious/ property/ tax qualifications to vote 1830: “universal” white male suffrage 1870(1960s): “universal” male suffrage 1920: “universal” adult suffrage 1961: DC can vote, too 1971: 18+ can vote

Who CAN’T vote? Recently moved, no ID, incarcerated felons, people in mental institutions, non-citizens

Why NOT vote?

Who DOES & DOES NOT vote? Votes (50%+) Doesn’t Vote (-49%) Whites & Blacks Asians & Latinos 25-75 year olds 18-24 year olds High School grads + No diploma Income more than $35,000 Income less than $35,000

Step 4: Win the Presidential Election Electors: determine P & VP; are appointed by state legislature; may not hold any other office # of electors = # of senators + representatives given to that state (538= 435 + 100 + 3) Largest is California (55); then Texas (38); then New York and Florida (29)…. Average district size is now over 570K

The Electoral college Each state will have electors = to the number of senators + representatives given to that state Electors may not hold any other office Electors will be appointed by state legislature Electors will determine the pres. And vice-pres.

How Pres & VP are chosen

Your Assignment STEP 3 & 4: Win the Election What *real* PACs will help him/her raise (at least) $1 billion? How will he/she reach at least 1 group of non-voters? (Sketch it & explain it) What NEGATIVE attacks (issues, candidates’ pasts, character) will he/she bring up about the opposition? He/She got 370 electoral votes. Which states will he/she win? (map) *BONUS: Which election did the winner get 370 electoral votes?* Write his/her (2-3 paragraph) election night winner speech. What 2 quotes will the media latch on to?

Your Assignment: The Cabinet & White House Staff Read & take notes p. 298-302, 326-329 Answer the questions and give 1-2 reasons for each choice Who are your 15 secretaries? Make sure you chose people who the senate will approve! Who is your chief of staff? Press Secretary? 2 additional aids? Who does your president trust more: the cabinet or the white house staff? What pet projects will the First Lady/First Gentleman be devoted to? On a scale of Edith Wilson to a potato, how influential/important is your First Lady?