Japan Returns to Isolation Section 3 Japan Returns to Isolation The Tokugawa regime unifies Japan and begins 250 years of isolation, autocracy, and economic growth. NEXT

Essential Question How did the political and social changes in Japan and China impact these countries?

Japan Returns to Isolation A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders Local Lords Rule In 1467, civil war destroys old feudal system in Japan Period from 1467 to 1568 is called time of the “Warring States” Daimyo—warrior-chieftains—are lords in new feudal system Emperor is figurehead with no real power Daimyo build armies of mounted samurai and gun-bearing infantry

Japan Returns to Isolation A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders Oda Nobunaga—powerful daimyo who seizes capital of Kyoto in 1568 Nobunaga tries to eliminate rival daimyo and Buddhist monasteries General Toyotomi Hideyoshi carries on Nobunaga’s work By 1590, controls most of Japan Launches invasion of Korea, but effort ends when he dies

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor. Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  Warriors. Farmers. Artisans. Merchants.

Japan Returns to Isolation A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu takes over, completes unification of Japan In 1603, he becomes shogun, or sole ruler and sets up capital at Edo, which grows to be Tokyo Uses restrictions to keep daimyo under control Tokugawa Shogunate rules Japan from 1603 to1867 Tokyo today is one of the largest cities in the world. Tokugawa is regarded as one of the greatest Japanese rulers

Japan Returns to Isolation Life in Tokugawa Japan Society in Tokugawa Japan Long period of peace, prosperity, cultural growth Structured society, with shogun as actual ruler Confucian ideas influence society Peasants suffer from high taxes; many leave farms for cities By mid-1700s, Japan becoming urban society Most women lead sheltered lives

Kabuki Theater Japan Returns to Isolation Life in Tokugawa Japan Culture Under the Tokugawa Shogunate Traditional culture thrives Tragic noh dramas popular among samurai Townspeople enjoy new type of realistic fiction Many people enjoy haiku—three-line poetry that presents images Kabuki theater—skits with elaborate costumes, music, and dance Kabuki Theater

Japan Returns to Isolation Contact Between Europe and Japan Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and technology to Japan In 1540s, European traders begin arriving; they welcomed by Japanese European firearms change Japanese way of fighting NEXT

Japan Returns to Isolation Contact Between Europe and Japan Christian Missionaries began to arrive in Japan in the 16th century (c. 1549) By 1600, about 300,000 Japanese are Christians Japan’s rulers upset by this, ban Christianity After 1637 rebellion, Christianity is forbidden in Japan After peasant rebellion (most were Christian) the shoguns ruthlessly persecuted Christians and led to the formation of an exclusion policy NEXT

Japan Returns to Isolation The Closed Country Policy Growing Tensions First Europeans arrive when Japan has no central authority Shoguns, who later take power, dislike European ideas, ways of life NEXT

Japan Returns to Isolation The Closed Country Policy Japan in Isolation Shoguns limit European trade to port of Nagasaki Only Dutch and Chinese are allowed to trade; shoguns control trade Japanese people are forbidden to travel abroad Japan develops in isolation NEXT

Japan’s First Embassy As We Saw Them

Stop and Think

Introduction How did Japanese society become structured in the Tokugawa period? What were the conflicting bases of this structure? How did that structure begin to change after the opening of Japan? How was centralization reinforced after the opening of Japan?

Unification and Centralization Three Generals: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu Land survey and allocation Alternate attendance of lords (daimyo) Establishment of a system of cities Closure of the country

Transportation, Alternate Residence and the Creation of a System of Cities

Social Stratification Samurai and Nobility (Shi) Farmers (No) Craftsmen (Ko) Merchants (Sho) (Floating world (Ukiyo) people and Eta)

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