Heparin-Induced Cancer Cell Death Robert J Linhardt  Chemistry & Biology  Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 420-422 (April 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.04.001

Figure 1 Structure of Heparin and Poly (β-Amino Ester) Structure of a small heparin chain (A) and that of a poly (β-amino ester) (B) capable of carrying heparin into the cell. Chemistry & Biology 2004 11, 420-422DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.04.001)

Figure 2 Heparin-Induced Cell Death Proposed endocytotic mechanism for heparin cellular uptake of heparin (red) poly (β-amino ester) (blue) complex escape, distribution through the cell, displacement of DNA (green), complexation with transcription factor (TF in black), and resulting apoptosis and cell death. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and form a complex [8] that can be similarly transported into the cell [7]. Chemistry & Biology 2004 11, 420-422DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.04.001)