“One cannot talk himself out of something he behaved himself into.” 12/1/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 12/6/06 Objectives: To learn about the physiology of muscles. Class Topics Review contraction Isometric contraction Contraction graphs Myosin isoforms Test review Biomechanics “One cannot talk himself out of something he behaved himself into.” Anonymous Saturday, December 01, 2018 4:00 AM

Class Assignments Muscle physiology test 12/8/06 Due this class period 12/1/2018 Class Assignments What By When Muscle physiology test 12/8/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

Anaerobic Respiration 12/1/2018 Anaerobic Respiration Oxygen debt oxygen goes toward decomposition of lactic acid - not respiration Muscle fatigue too much lactic acid - low pH - no contraction Muscle cramp muscle contracts but doesn’t relax not enough ATP to move calcium ions back into SR

12/1/2018 Muscle Tone Sustained contraction occurring in muscle fibers at all times - resting muscle Used for posture, body positioning, reflexes, and keep body firm Lost when a person passes out dead weight

Rigor Mortis Contraction of muscle after death 12/1/2018 Rigor Mortis Contraction of muscle after death Sarcoplasmic Reticulum releases Calcium ions muscles contract, do not relax relax when decomposition occurs

12/1/2018 Isotonic Produces movement as the muscle pulls the bone toward a stationary structure ex. Bicep curl All movements!

Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten 12/1/2018 Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten No body movement ex. Pushing an immovable object

12/1/2018 Twitch

12/1/2018

Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” 12/1/2018 Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” Slow twitch Type I Fast twitch Type IIe Type IIx

Test Review No multiple choice 12/1/2018 Test Review No multiple choice All short answer, drawings, labeling, and essay Essay – Explain muscle contraction and relaxation

Test Review 12/1/2018 Connective tissues Organelles Drawing, labeling Organelles Mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes Neuromuscular junction All or none response Innervation Proteins Myofibril Energy sources Oxygen debt Muscle fatigue Muscle tone Muscle cramp Rigor mortis Isometric/isotonic Graphs – twitch, summation, tetanic Myosin isoforms

Biomechanics Skeletal system and muscular system working together 12/1/2018 Biomechanics Skeletal system and muscular system working together Levers 3 types of levers 1st class 2nd class 3rd class

Levers Fi Fo Pivot Force in Force out Fi Fi Fo Fo 2nd class 1st class 12/1/2018 Fi Fo Pivot Force in Force out Levers Fi Fi Fo Fo 2nd class 1st class Fo Fi 3rd class

Increases speed and overcomes resistance 12/1/2018 1st class lever Triceps Brachii, also found in muscles of neck and head Fi Fo Increases speed and overcomes resistance

2nd Class Lever Gastrocnemius 12/1/2018 2nd Class Lever Gastrocnemius Fi Fo Used to overcome resistance, move large weights

Used to obtain rapid movement 12/1/2018 3rd Class Lever Masseter and temporalis with the mandible, also the biceps brachii F1 Fo Used to obtain rapid movement

12/1/2018 Mechanical Advantage Force out can be many times larger than force in by using the correct lever system Fo = Fi (li/lo) li is the distance from Fi to the pivot (fulcrum), and lo is the distance from Fo to the pivot Fi = 160 dynes 1 mm 3 mm Fo = ? Fo Fi