Body Organization And Homeostasis The Skeletal System Bone and Joint Injuries The Muscular System The Skin 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

Name the four levels of organization in the human body. 100 Name the four levels of organization in the human body.

cell tissue organ organ system 100 cell tissue organ organ system

What is the “control center” of a cell called? 200 What is the “control center” of a cell called?

200 nucleus

300 Name the organ system that takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.

300 respiratory system

400 Define homeostasis.

400 Homeostasis is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.

What is epithelial tissue? 500 What is epithelial tissue?

(skin is made of multiple layers of epithelial tissues) 500 Epithelial tissue (epithelium) covers the surfaces of the body and lines internal organs – not just skin! (skin is made of multiple layers of epithelial tissues)

What connective tissues hold together bones at movable joints? 100 What connective tissues hold together bones at movable joints?

100 ligaments

What kind of joints are found in the skull? 200 What kind of joints are found in the skull?

200 immovable

300 What is the function of red marrow? What is the function of yellow marrow?

300 red marrow – produce blood cells yellow marrow – stores fat (energy reserve)

Why are bones both strong and lightweight? 400 Why are bones both strong and lightweight?

400 Because they have spongy bone, which has many small spaces in it making it both lightweight and strong.

500 Name the four types of joints found in the body. AND…give an example of each!

ball-and-socket – shoulder, hip 500 hinge – elbow, knee ball-and-socket – shoulder, hip pivot – neck gliding – wrist, ankle

Can a dislocation also be a sprain? YES OR NO. 100 Can a dislocation also be a sprain? YES OR NO. EXPLAIN!

100 Yes. Joints are held together by ligaments. When a dislocation occurs, a bone comes out of joint. Thus, the ligaments stretch too far causing a sprain.

Describe the two types of fractures. 200 Describe the two types of fractures.

200 Simple – cracked or broken in two or more pieces Compound – broken ends of bone break through skin

300 What small medical instrument is helpful in diagnosing and repairing joint problems with minimal intrusion into the body and incision size?

300 arthroscope

400 How does an MRI work?

400 It exposes the body to short bursts of magnetic energy causing atoms to vibrate within the body. As this happens, a computer analyzes the vibration pattern and produces an image. BONUS (100 pts) – What does MRI stand for?

What are the two negatives or downfalls of x-rays? 500 What are the two negatives or downfalls of x-rays?

500 1. Can’t view soft tissues. 2. Can damage your body cells.

What are the two types of muscles? 100 What are the two types of muscles? Give an example of each!

100 voluntary – biceps involuntary – digestive muscles

What connective tissues connects muscle to bone? 200 What connective tissues connects muscle to bone?

200 tendons

Why must muscles work in pairs? 300 Why must muscles work in pairs?

Because muscles can only contract – they can’t extend. 300 Because muscles can only contract – they can’t extend.

Why do muscles get bigger when you exercise? 400 Why do muscles get bigger when you exercise?

400 Exercise makes individual muscle cells grow in size. As a result, the whole muscle becomes thicker and stronger.

500 How is cardiac muscle similar to both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?

It is involuntary (like smooth). It is striated (like skeletal). 500 It is involuntary (like smooth). It is striated (like skeletal).

Which layer of the skin does not have nerves or blood vessels? 100 Which layer of the skin does not have nerves or blood vessels?

100 epidermis

What is the best way to reduce your chances of getting skin cancer? 200 What is the best way to reduce your chances of getting skin cancer?

Limit over-excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen. 200 Limit over-excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen.

What is found in the dermis that helps to maintain body temperature? 300 What is found in the dermis that helps to maintain body temperature?

A layer of fat that helps keep heat in the body. 300 A layer of fat that helps keep heat in the body.

Explain the process of cell growth in the skin. 400 Explain the process of cell growth in the skin.

400 Cells divide deep in the epidermis. They then move upward as new cells continue to form beneath them. After two weeks, the cells die and become part of the epidermal surface layer. They remain in this layer for another two weeks and then are shed.

How does vitamin D help the body? 500 How does vitamin D help the body?

500 It helps the cells in your digestive system to absorb the calcium from your food.

FINAL JEOPARDY The Skin

Name all 5 functions of the skin.

1. protect the body 2. maintain temperature 3. eliminate waste 4. gather information 5. produce vitamin D