LINGUISTICS AND ITS FIELDS LI 2013 Nathalie F. Martin I love being on top! linguistics

Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: Linguistics Fields of linguistics: Descriptive linguistics Theoretical linguistics Applied linguistics Language: dialects, pidgins, creoles

UP FOR A CHALLENGE ? The Fields of Linguistics: Try to find ways in which linguistics could be useful for your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

Perspectives Describe this object: Write on a piece of paper. You have all given different descriptions since you looked at it in a different perspective. The same can be said about language !

Mise en situation

Perspectives The same can be said about language … One « object », in other words « language », but different perspectives …

Perspective Grammar Grammar: Panini Greek Latin and French And today … 1st grammar Sanskrit (4th century BC) To preserve sacred writings Greek Latin and French And today …

The early days of the study of language Philology (anthropology through ancient writings) - Objet: ancient civilisations Historical linguistics - Objet: language(s) and it’s/their evolution Comparative linguistics: - Objet: comparison BETWEEN languages

Comparative linguistics Comparative Linguistics (examples: languages): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_method

Comparative linguistics Comparative Linguistics (examples: French dialects): Picard : CHAT: « ka » rather than « sha » (chat : ch'cat [ka]), MERCI: [ke] / [ki] > [che] / chi (ex : merchi). BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [oe] > [o] (le bois : ch'bos) Francian : BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [we] > [wa] : le bois MERCI: [ki] > [si] (merci) Dialects of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries,

The modern study of language Linguistics The modern study of language

What Is Linguistics? Ferdinand de Saussure : Founder of modern linguistics. His students published his course notes in 1916. Cours de linguistique générale. Language: Code & social institution

What Is Linguistics? “The scientific study of human language.” Scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology, phonetics), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.

Theoretical Linguistics Phonology  Morphology Syntax  Semantics  Pragmatics

Applied Linguistics Descriptive linguistics Anthropological linguistics Comparative linguistics Historical linguistics Etymology  Sociolinguistics Computational linguistics Forensic linguistics Language acquisition Language assessment Language development Language education Linguistic prescription Linguistic anthropology Neurolinguistics Psycholinguistics Stylistics

Fields of LINGUISTICS Applied Lingusitics Sociolinguistics

Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS Ethnolinguistics Benjamin Lee Whorf

Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS Dialectology Atlas linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne (sud-ouest de la France)

Fields of LINGUISTICS Applied Lingusitics Psycholinguistics

Fields of LINGUISTICS Applied Lingusitics Lexicography

Fields of LINGUISTICS Applied Lingusitics Language planning

Fields of LINGUISTICS Applied Lingusitics Neurolinguistics

Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: The use of linguistic techniques to investigate crimes in which language data constitute part of the evidence Ex: In 1950 Timothy Evans was hanged for a murder, but then granted a posthumous pardon in 1966. Applied Lingusitics

UP FOR A CHALLENGE !!! How can linguistics be useful to you in your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).