RNA Video Amoeba Sisters: DNA vs RNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Elo-zX1k8M

RNA & Protein Synthesis Essential Question: What does RNA do?

U = uracil What is RNA? RNA – Ribonucleic acid. RNA is single strand (no double helix) Still has a nitrogen-base, sugar and phosphate (like DNA) RNA contains “GACU” - (no T!!!!) U = uracil

RNA- single stranded No Thymine! Replaced by Uracil

Three Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA): RNA that carries the code from DNA to the ribosomes. (like a messenger)

Three Types of RNA Transfer RNA (tRNA): RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosomes. There are 80 different tRNA Each one only delivers one type of amino acid.

Three Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): RNA that make up the ribosomes. This is the most amount of RNA.

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

What are Proteins? Proteins are used to build structures Ex. muscle, tissue, blood, skin, hair, etc Genes are coded DNA instructions that controls the production of proteins within the cell and determines the traits

Protein Synthesis Steps 1. Starts with DNA Code (GCAT) 2. mRNA copies the code (Transcription) 3. mRNA takes code to ribosomes 4. Ribosomes read code (Translation) 5. Ribosomes assemble protein

What is the Transcription process? The code to make proteins are in the DNA. Transcription: copying the DNA code to make mRNA. Transcription occurs in the nucleus only. Each letter of the DNA is read and the complementary pairs are added. Remember: C-G and A-U (for RNA)

Practice (White Board Activity) DNA strand: GTA CTT AAC ATT AGG TAC CTA ATC mRNA : CAU GAA UUG UAA UCC AUG GAU UAG When you read the DNA and rewrite it to make mRNA  you did transcription!!!

TAC (DNA) --> AUG (RNA) Transcription RNA polymerase: the enzyme that reads the DNA code and makes the mRNA (does transcription) Promoter: code on the DNA that tells the RNA polymerase when to start making mRNA. TAC (DNA) --> AUG (RNA) Terminal Signal: code that tells the RNA polymerase when to stop making the mRNA.