Disciplinary differences in full OA journal prevalence, pricing, and journal conversion rates Mikael Laakso, D.Sc. (Econ.) Associate Professor, Information Systems Science Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland Presentation at the ESAC Workshop 31.5.2018 @mikaellaakso

My background and perspective Research has been focusing on how open access has been introduced and changed scholarly journal publishing. Member of the H2020 Commission Expert Group "Future of Scholarly Publishing and Scholarly Communication (FSP)” Member of the strategy group for journal publisher negotiations on behalf of the Finnish university library consortium (FinElib).

Agenda Prevalence How much is getting published through full open access journals? Pricing What is the price distribution of journals and published articles? Journal conversion rates How is the landscape evolving, what is the relationship between flipping journals and new ones being started?

Various indexes to choose from, all with different implications DOAJ ROAD Scopus Web of Science Dimensions Ulrichsweb Crossref/DOI Commercial/non-commercial Inclusion of subscription content Open/Closed Data/API Scope of inclusion of open access content Criteria for inclusion of OA content

For a DOAJ-based analysis please look up this book Free e-book by Walt Crawford Released 29th of May 2018 187 pages of bibliometric & economic analysis of all journals in the DOAJ Open dataset https://walt.lishost.org/2018/05/goaj3-gold-open-access-journals-2012-2017/

Population: Scopus-indexed journals included in either DOAJ or ROAD Journals in either DOAJ or ROAD: 3759 Additional 372 Scopus OA journals included that were neither in DOAJ nor ROAD. DOAJ+ ROAD 1805 DOAJ 865 ROAD 1089 In neither (subscription journals): 18799

Partial manual data collection Collecting missing APC data Determining year OA publishing was initiated Classifying journals as either Born OA/Converted OA Year added to DOAJ/ROAD DOAJ metadata ”Year open access content began” Editorials, text on website Year of website creation Publisher change, license change Year of initial PDF metadata Appendix I. Assumptions for determining “born” versus “converted” and date of conversion When there is information on the website that allows determination of the conversion date or that the journal is born OA that date is used. Otherwise: • When a start date cannot be determined any other way, the entry date in the DOAJ is used and the journal is assumed converted. When a journal was launched after 2000 and all volumes are available OA, it is assumed to have been born OA. Journals with Ulrichweb start dates or article archives before 1993 are assumed to be converted. When start dates are in the in the mid-1990s and all back issues are available the journal is assumed to be born OA particularly when the websites looks to be mid-1990 vintage. When journals are converted OA from before 1993 and digital articles are available OA after mid-1990s it is assumed the journal became OA with the first available OA available volume. When articles are available OA before mid-1990s, it is assumed it is assumed back issues were made OA at the point of conversion and if no other information is available, the DOAJ entry date is used. SciELO journals are assumed converted OA and the date of entry into SciELO or if not available, the first SciELO volume is used for the date the journal became OA. Redalyc journals are assumed to be converted OA and the earliest volume available on the website is assumed to be the conversion date or 2002 if there are articles available before 2002.

The big financial picture: annual total APCs Unpublished preliminary results

OA% of all articles in Scopus Open access in Scopus OA% of all articles in Scopus 16 % 17 % 18 % 19 % 20 % 22 % Unpublished preliminary results

APC pricing levels of OA journals 2016 Unpublished preliminary results

Focus on APC journals

APC pricing levels of OA journal articles published 2016 Unpublished preliminary results

Focus on APC articles

OA journal articles published in free/APC-based journals per publisher type Average APC 705 USD Average APC 1140 USD Average APC 1629 USD Unpublished preliminary results

Creation/Conversion of OA journals per year by publisher type (cumulative) Unpublished preliminary results

Annual OA article counts per publisher type and journal ”OA origin” Unpublished preliminary results

Activity in converting/creating new journals per discipline © Hanken Unpublished preliminary results

Unpublished preliminary results   2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Life Sciences 14 16 19 20 23 21 Agricultural and Biological Sciences 25 27 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 13 15 24 22 Immunology and Microbiology 18 Neuroscience 8 9 12 17 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Social Sciences 6 7 10 11 Arts and Humanities 5 Business, Management and Accounting 3 4 Decision Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Psychology Physical Sciences Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Earth and Planetary Sciences Energy 2 Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science Mathematics Physics and Astronomy Health Sciences Medicine Nursing Veterinary 28 Dentistry Health Professions General 34 49 62 Unpublished preliminary results Open access journal articles as % of all articles in Scopus

Unpublished preliminary results

Unpublished preliminary results

Active Journal Count Change 2010 vs 2016 Unpublished preliminary results OA % Change +8% +5% +9% % Free Change -6% -4% -8% -3%

Article-level Development 2010 vs 2016 Unpublished preliminary results

Summary A substantial part of the growth of OA journals has been fueled by the creation of new journals which charge an author-side fee. The price spectrum is remains very wide. Many disciplines still have low availability of OA journals, particularly so regarding journals ranked highly based on received citations. There is a need to monitor journal APC price changes over time. In the future no-one should have to count articles by hand or have to conduct studies based on sampling only a part of journals in an index.

Thank You! © Hanken