Infections in Invasive Alien Species:

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Presentation transcript:

Infections in Invasive Alien Species: Ecological and Sanitary impacts Dr. Nicola Ferrari Assistant Professor in Ecoparasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine nicola.ferrari@unimi.it

Impact of infection in IAS Influence on establishment & spread Parasite Release Parasite-mediated competition -Introduction of alien parasites -> Spillover to native species -Acquisition of local parasites -> Spillback to native species (Torchin et al. 2003 Nature) Sanitary consequences - Transmission to humans (zoonoses) - Transmission to domestic animals -> economic costs for control/eradication

Grey Squirrel in Italy First introduction in 1948 Today established in Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Umbria Martinoli et al. (2010) Hystrix NAT/IT/000095 EC-SQUARE Eradication and Control of Grey Squirrel: Action for Preservation of Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems 2010-2014

Grey squirrel – Macroparasite Community N=279 (from 8 populations) Arthropod richness (prevalence>5%): USA=7, ITALY=2 Helminth richness (prevalence>5%): USA=8, ITALY=2 PARASITE LOSS Introduction of alien nematode S. robustus SPILLOVER TO RED? Acquisition of native flea C. sciurorum SPILL-BACK TO RED? Romeo et al. (2014) PLoS ONE

Parasite infection in red squirrels Macroparasite Spillover in Red Squirrels Parasite infection in red squirrels Romeo et al. (2015) Parasitol Res

Impact on wildlife & domestic animals Grey squirrel Microparasites Microparasite N Prevalence Impact on humans Toxoplasma gondii 151 7% Cryptosporidium spp. 162 3% Salmonella spp. 0% Francisella tularensis Borrelia spp. Mycobacterium spp. Rickettsia spp. Ljungan virus 49 Impact on wildlife & domestic animals Squirrelpox virus 363 Adenovirus 232 1% West Nile virus Encephalitozoon cuniculi Hepatozoon spp. 156

Impact of parasites of Grey Squirrel Parasite Loss Enemy Release -> Potential for increased population growth No Squirrelpox but Introduction of an alien helminth Spillover to red squirrel Parasite mediated competition: faster replacement by grey squirrel Higher infection in Red co-occurring with Grey Indirect effect Few zoonotic infections Marginal risk for humans

Current Involvements Advisor for Regional Government (Lombardy): -Working Group: Control/eradication of Coypu -Monitoring Racoon

Starting projects: IAS Disease Risk Analysis Build a database of infections in IAS Perform a Risk Assessment Species Consequence Conservation Zoonotic Domestic/ economic Grey Squirrel High/moderate Low Coypu Negligible Racoon High … Disease Risk Analysis to guide (EU Regulation on IAS): -List of invasive specie of Union Concern -Risk assessment -Management Measures: minimizations of impacts

Thanks for your attention Dr. Nicola Ferrari Assistant Professor in Ecoparasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine nicola.ferrari@unimi.it