Cells Big Picture Review Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes; organelles; cell transport; cell energy;

Organelles- Tiny structures that have specialized functions Mitochondrion Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Centrioles Chloroplast (plant) Vacuole Lysosomes

What do Animal cells have that Plant cells don’t? A small vacuole lysosomes cytoskeleton

What do Plant cells have that Animal cells don’t? Central vacuole Chloroplasts Cell wall

Phospholipids Draw and Label A pair of fatty acid chains attached to a phosphate group Polar (water-soluble) heads face out nonpolar (water-insoluble) fatty acids hang inside. Draw and Label Polar Head – phosphate group Nonpolar Tail – lipid (fatty acids)

Types of Passive Transport Simple Diffusion – Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Simplest form of passive transport

Passive Transport Substances move, at random (by kinetic energy), to establish an equilibrium – the same amount on each side

Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane Moves water based on the amount of dissolved particles Water moves from an area with a lot of “free” water molecules to an area with less “free” water molecules

FACILITATED DIFFUSION FACILITATED DIFFUSION - Moves specific substances through a cell membrane with the aid of a carrier (transport) protein.

Active Transport Low concentration to high concentration Requires ATP Uses “Pumps” to get through cell membrane

THEY ALL HAVE 4 COMMON FEATURES CYTOPLASM CYTOSKELETON RIBOSOMES CELL MEMBRANE

Prokaryotes (primitive cells) Lack membrane bound organelles Have a cell wall Some have cilia or flagellum No nucleus- Loop of DNA in the cytoplasm

EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE A NUCLEUS- TRUE CENTER HAVE MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES DNA IS LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS

Cell Membrane Acts as a barrier Surrounds the cell Regulates what enters and leaves- Selectively Permeable Composed of proteins and phospholipids, Arranged into a lipid bilayer.

Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction- A process by which atoms are changed or reorganized. Chemical Reactions need energy. In a Reaction, you start with the reactants and end up with the products. Reactants- Products

Photosynthesis in Overview Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars. Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Overall equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H20  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.

Cell Respiration in Overview Process by which organisms use sugar and oxygen to make energy. Requires oxygen and sugar. Overall equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H20 + Energy (ATP) Occurs in cells in the mitochondria.

ATP ATP stores energy Energy is released when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group is broken, forming ADP. Adding another phosphate will change it back to ATP. ATP is like a charged battery. ADP is like an empty battery.