Culture Week 2 Lecture 1 Chapter 2+

What is culture? It is a combination and mixture of Values Non verbal communications Demographics Language It is not just music and art

What is culture? In other words it is based upon Knowledge – Education Beliefs' - Religion Mores – morals Customs Any other capabilities and habits acquired / learned by members of a society.

Cultural Norms Must comply with Optional – nice to conform Not significant - globalisation?

Orientation of culture Other Environment Self Hofstede

Other Orientation Individual vs Collective Youth vs Age Family - Extended vs Limited Masculine vs Feminine Competition vs Co-operation Diversity vs Uniformity

Environment Orientation Cleanliness Performance and Status Tradition vs Change Risk – taking vs Security Attitudes to Problems Nature – live with or change

Self Orientation Lifestyle – physical / active Sensual gratification / abstinence Hedonism - materialistic Work ethic – hard work / Leisure Gratification – want it now or save for later Religion vs Secular…

Sub Cultures Global Cultures Globalisation of Brands – media Teen culture T Shirts Music Jeans and McD Middle Classes – Designer Clothes, Hotels Wealthy Pensioners – equivalent ppp Foreign Travel

Cultural Variations in Non Verbal Communications Time Space Etiquette – politeness Artefacts – Symbols Relationships Agreements

High Context vs. Low Context Cultures High Context Implicit Japanese Arabian Latin American Spanish Italian English (UK) French North American (US) Scandinavian German Low Context Explicit Swiss