To Know from Heinrichs (2017)

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Presentation transcript:

To Know from Heinrichs (2017) Cicero’s 5 canons of persuasion Invention - 3 things to plan Enthymeme Arrangement - Order of Eth/Log/Path Exordium Reluctant Conclusion Style – 5 virtues Memory Delivery (actio) Demonstrative oratory rhetoric how differs from deliberative

Cicero’s Canons: Invention “discover available means of persuasion” (Aristotle, 1982) attitude/belief/behavior? past (law/order) or present (values) or future (choices)? Simple or complex? Base enthymeme on this (Aristotle) Cicero (1959)

Cicero’s Canons: Arrangement (Cicero, 1942) Ethos Logos Narration - Division - Proof - Refutation - Pathos Reluctant conclusion -

Cicero’s Canons: Style “endows thy purposes with words that make them known” (Shakespeare) Virtues of Style (Cicero, 1942) Proper language Clarity Vividness (enargeia) Decorum Ornament

Cicero’s Canons: Memory “treasure-house of the ideas supplied by invention” (Cicero, 1942) Mnemonic devices Memory houses/villas

Cicero’s Canons: Delivery (Cicero, 1942) Body Bulwer’s Chironomia Voice Volume, stability, flexibility Rhythm/cadence Breath (impromptu & use Period)

Demonstrative Rhetoric (from Heinrichs, 2017) Use for values (good/bad, right/wrong) Present tense

Refutative Design Best w/ Demonstrative tactic: Make complex simple Balance figures - Interrupt self - Connect unalikes with alliteration - Emphasize one-word thing - Identify key issues in oppos., systematically disprove For each main pt., State Limit main points

Problem-(Cause)-Solution Best w/ topics on Demonstrative tactics: enargeia, ramp up drama Channel others’ ethos Switch to future tense at end Identify problem Identify Solution Who/How will solution ? to participate in solution? If familiar topic, most time on If unfamiliar topic, most time on Typically,

Need-Plan Introduce Need or Present Deficiency Describe Develop arg. Best with topics on Demonstrative tactics: Bring “tribe” together Flatter (to go into deliberative choice) Switch to future tense & describe outcome as dream Variation of P-C-S Introduce Need or Present Deficiency Describe Develop arg. Identify Plan to meet need plan meets need/solve defic. Compare to past Plans used for this need

Motivated Sequence Best ww/ topics on individual’s Demonstrative tactics: Make problem “identity rhetoric” Use periods? Say Problem & why people need to fix Say specific Solution/Plan to fix Problem Say How Plan would affect Problem (enargeia!!!) Help audience visualize Appeal to audience (in conclusion) for

Pro/Con – Compare/Contrast Best w/topics Options for addressing: 1 @ time: Back & forth btwn two, always end with yours All of , then all Try to keep to