What is the problem pictographic writing systems? 1. 2. 3.

Writing systems have evolved from whole pictures to basic sounds. Alphabet Vocab 12 What are different ways people have represented language? Pictogram – drawings that represent ideas or have meaning Cuneiform – System of writing using wedge shapes Phonemes – The basic unit of language or parts of a word. The smallest sound that can change meaning Abjad – System of writing where symbols represent only consonant sounds. Writing systems have evolved from whole pictures to basic sounds.

The Phoenicians 13 In What Present-Day Countries did the Phoenicians Live? What were the Phoenicians Known For? (and what was the major export?)

The Phoenicians 14 Where did the Phoenician Alphabet Come from? What sort of Government System did the Phoenicians Have?

13 PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

The Phoenicians

PHOENICIAN TIMELINE 2000 BC 1500 BC 1000 BC 1000 BC 500 BC 0 BC/AD When did regular trade begin with Egypt? When did they gain Independence? When did they begin Using the Phoenician Alphabet? When were they taken over by the Assyrians? When did they trade with the Greeks? When did the Phoenician Alphabet Reach Greece? When were they Taken over by the Persians? When did the Phoenician Culture begin to change and be taken over by other cultures and languages (What Even Took place)? 14

PHOENICIAN TIMELINE 2000 BC 1800 BC 1050 BC 1000 BC The Phoenicians Were Trading Regularly with the Egyptians Begin Using the Phoenician Alphabet 1000 BC 800 BC 600 BC 0 BC/AD The Phoenicians Begin Trade with the Greeks. The Phoenicians are Conquered by The Persians 14

How Much of the Greek Alphabet Do I Know? Try 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 15 How Much of the Greek Alphabet Do I Know? Try 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Greeks 1000 BC: end of the Mycenaean Period (literacy was lost) 16 1000 BC: end of the Mycenaean Period (literacy was lost) 800 BC: Beginning of Archaic Period (Creation of Greek alphabet) 776 BC: First Olympic Games in Olympia (to Honor Zeus, King of Gods) 750-700 BC: Homer’s writes poetry: The Iliad and The Odyssey.

The Greeks 508 BC: Athens creates first Democracy (rule by the people) 17 508 BC: Athens creates first Democracy (rule by the people) 500 BC: Beginning of Classical Period (foundation of Western Civilization) Politics Architecture Science Literature Philosophy

The Greeks 490BC: Greeks defeat the Persians 2 times (Xerxes I) 18 490BC: Greeks defeat the Persians 2 times (Xerxes I) 472 BC: Greek theater becomes popular 432 BC: Parthenon is Completed 146 BC: Rome Conquers Greece

GREEK ALPHABET 17 Resource: My Website, Greek Section of Alphabet Page, Alphabet Examples.

Paste Assignments Sheet in Notebook Number 1-6

Greek Life My Assignment: ____________ Summary: (3-4 sentences) 19 My Assignment: ____________ Summary: (3-4 sentences) How did this affect Modern Society (Western Civilization)? (2-3) sentences

Greek Life Presentation Working in your Group Decide who will write the script and draw the storyboard (One Piece of paper) (This must be completed first and shown to the teacher) Decide who will login create the PowerPoint. Decide who will login and Type the script (Word) Assignment: Create a Three Slide PowerPoint and Presentation Slides: 1: Title and Group Member Names 2: Summary of Information in Words and Pictures. (1-2 word phrases) No Complete Sentences 3: How Has Your Subject affected Modern Society in Words and Pictures.

The Etruscans 20 700BC – Earliest Etruscan Writings (26 letter alphabet) Very similar to Western Greek Alphabet. 600-400BC – Etruscan Alphabet began to change (26 to 20 letters) ~500BC Intense trading with Greeks and Phoenicians 400 – 200BC – Classical Etruscan Alphabet used. (Romans begin to take over as Etruscan Cities) After 200BC – Etruscan Alphabet replaced by Latin Alphabet and Language.

The Classical/LateEtruscan ALPHABET 20 The Etruscans eventually dropped several letter from their alphabet because…. Resource: My Website, Etruscan Section of Alphabet Page, Alphabet Examples.

ROMAN TIMELINE 700 BC 650 BC 600 BC 500 BC Romans Adopted alphabet from Etruscans. (21 letters of the Etusc. 26) 500 BC 400 BC 300 BC 21

ROMAN TIMELINE Con’t 300 BC 250 BC 240 BC 200 BC 100 BC Letter Z is dropped & G is added to Alphabet Roman lit. appears & is translations of Greek Lit. 100 BC 0 BC 100 AD Rome takes over Greek speaking world. Y & Z are added to help write Greek words. 21