Kinds of Isomers © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4.

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Presentation transcript:

Kinds of Isomers © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Conformational Isomers © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Conformational Isomers © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Configurational Isomers: Cis-Trans Isomers © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Isomers with One Chirality Center A chirality center arises when four different substituents are bonded to a carbon © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Chirality Two enantiomers are mirror images of each other, just as your right hand is the mirror image of your left hand © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Chirality If an object (e.g. a shoe or a molecule) is chiral, it cannot have a plane of symmetry (i.e. a plane that reflects the object onto itself) © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Chirality Any object that has a plane of symmetry is said to be achiral © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Drawing Enantiomers Perspective Formulas © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Drawing Enantiomers Fischer Projections © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Naming Enantiomers: The R,S System of Nomenclature Rank groups by atomic number of the atom bonded to the chirality center. Use the same system that was used for the E and Z isomers of alkenes © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4

Naming Enantiomers: The R,S System of Nomenclature Orient the molecule so that the group (or atom) of lowest priority is directed away from you Draw a curve from group of highest priority to the group of second priority © Prentice Hall 2001 Chapter 4