Supreme Court Case Review for Chapters 4-5 Test on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights

1987 SCOTUS Decision that upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty against charges that it violated the 14th Amendment because minority defendants were more likely to receive the death penalty than white defendants. McClesky v. Kemp

Adarand Constructors v. Pena 1995 SCOTUS decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose like expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional. Adarand Constructors v. Pena

Non-Verbal speech such as burning a flag (1989 Texas v Non-Verbal speech such as burning a flag (1989 Texas v. Johnson) or wearing an armband (1969 Tinker v. Des Moines). The Supreme Court has ruled that such speech is protected by the 1st Amendment. Symbolic Speech

Being a witness against yourself Being a witness against yourself. The 5th Amendment prohibits involuntary self-incrimination. Self-Incrimination

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 SCOTUS decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection. This case outlawed segregation in public schools. Brown v. Board of Education

1857 SCOTUS decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. Dred Scott v. Sanford

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 SCOTUS decision holding that a state university may weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions, but may not set aside places for members of particular racial groups (no quotas). Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Which Landmark SCOTUS Case involved the Establishment Clause and eliminated school prayer? Engle vs. Vitale, 1962

1971 landmark SCOTUS case in which the court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. Reed v. Reed

Which Landmark SCOTUS Case ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states? Barron vs. Baltimore, 1833

1954 SCOTUS case that extended protection against discrimination against Hispanics. It ruled that excluding Hispanics from jury duty unreasonably singled out a group for discriminatory treatment. This helped with impartiality of juries. Hernandez v. Texas

1896 SCOTUS decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional. Plessy V. Ferguson

Women gain right to an abortion in 1st trimester. Roe v. Wade, 1973

If tax $ are used to fund private/religious schools, they must: 1 If tax $ are used to fund private/religious schools, they must: 1. Must have a secular legislative purpose - clear 2. Cannot advance or inhibit religion - clear 3. Cannot foster an excessive government entanglement with religion – vague Lemon vs. Kurtzman, 1971

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 2000 Overturned Texas law allowing high school students to read a prayer at athletic events such as football games Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 2000

Abington School District v. Schempp - 1963 Struck down Pennsylvania law requiring the reading of a bible passage at the beginning of each day. Abington School District v. Schempp - 1963

Reynolds v. United States 1878 Upheld federal law prohibiting polygamy even though Reynolds, a Mormon from Utah, claimed that the law limited his religious freedom. AP GOVERNMENT AGENDAS – MONDAY 2/12/18 THROUGH MONDAY 2/19/18 Reynolds v. United States 1878

Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond 8th grade because it would violate long held religious beliefs Wisconsin v. Yoder 1972

The Supreme Court recognized the freedom of the press rejecting prior restraints on publication. Prior restraint is suppression of publication on the grounds that it might be libelous or harmful. Near v. Minnesota, 1931

This was the first SCOTUS case to apply any part of the Bill of Rights to the states, holding that freedoms of press and speech are “fundamental person rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states” as well as by the federal government. Gitlow v. New York, 1925

Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965 The Constitution implies a right to privacy in matters of contraception between married people. Though it doesn’t explicitly protect a general right to privacy, various guarantees within the BOR create penumbras, or zones, establishing a right to privacy. Together, the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 9th Amendments, create a new constitutional right, the right to privacy in marital relations. Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965

Applied the 6th Amendment right to counsel (lawyer) to the states. Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963

Applied the 4th Amendment right against illegal search and seizure to the states. Mapp v. Ohio, 1961

Supreme Court held that distribution of obscene materials did not enjoy First Amendment protection. Miller v. California, 1973