Integumentary Notes January 7th, 2015.

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Presentation transcript:

Integumentary Notes January 7th, 2015

Major Organ: Skin (largest organ in the body) Functions: Protects the body from injury and infection Prevents the loss of water (dehydration) Regulates body temperature Gathers information about the environment Produces vitamin D Eliminates wastes (excretion)

Skin Diagram

Skin Structure: Epidermis Epidermis: top layer of skin composed of epithelial tissue (no nerves or blood vessels) Uppermost cells of the epidermis are dead and filled with keratin (protein in fingernails) which protects the lower layers Epidermal cells only live for about 4 weeks Pores: holes in the epidermis that lead to sweat glands

Skin Structure: Epidermis Lower cells in the epidermis produce the pigment melanin (pigment = color molecule) Melanin: dark pigment that protects skin cells from UV radiation in sunlight which can cause skin cancer More melanin = darker skin Less melanin = lighter skin

Skin Structure: Dermis Dermis: Lower layer of skin with blood vessels and nerves (connective tissue); location of the following: Sweat glands: release salt water from the body which evaporates on the surface of the skin, cooling the body; also excretes (releases) waste chemicals Oil glands: found near hair follicles the oil waterproofs the hair and moistens the skin

Skin Structure: Dermis Hair follicle: structure from which hair grows Hair: sense insects, keeps body warm (not humans), top part is made of dead cells Some cells in the dermis also produce Vitamin D when sunlight hits them Vitamin D: regulates calcium uptake in the body, leads to strong bones