Let’s join forces for capacity building…!! This project has been funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs under Grant Agreement Number HOME/2014/ISFP/AG/EFCE/7205. Let’s join forces for capacity building…!! Harry Barnes-Dabban - PENAf

The consortium partners 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

The project concept: it’s about YOU Best practices to detect & prosecute The project is about WASTE Need to prioritize waste streams Need to invest time to prioritize needs per waste stream Developing material and tools lasting longer than the project New knowledge on waste crime trends & toolkit for response chain Multidisciplinary training and tools 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Events & Meetings Kick Off EC-PM (Jan ‘16) Meeting Consortium + H-LAB (Apr ‘16) International Workshop + H-LAB Meeting (Nov ‘16) Validation meeting in Dublin (Feb ‘17) Online Webinars (5x-8x; May-Nov ’17) Training in Rome (Sept ‘17) Training in Beijing (Oct ‘17) Final Conference in Geneva (Nov ‘17) Internal meetings/events Invitation meetings/events Open meetings/events 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Three project pillars: I. Training needs assessments Interviews Questionnaires Good practices Gaps Identifying target groups II. Risk analysis Modus operandi Priority waste streams Trends Routes III: Toolkit Online Library F2F trainings Webinars Self-learning 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Target Group & Activities Inspection Transboundary Shipment/ Waste sites Judges Environmental Agencies Customs Police forces Port Authorities Prosecutors Intelligence Enforcement cycle Sentencing Detection Warnings Drop the case Take-back proc. Warnings Civil sanctions Penal sanctions Corrective actions Take-back proc. Investigation Drop the case Prosecution 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

DOTCOM Library - Results The project collected over140 materials related to illicit trade and management of wastes from EU, Asia and Africa, including: Reports, project, initiatives, scientific articles; Training tools Statistics; Intelligence; and Real cases/investigations. Large majority of material relate to detection Several relate to inspection, investigation and prosecution Lack of material for judges 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17 7

Training needs assessment Aim: to identify training needs, challenges and good practices in the detection, investigation and prosecution of waste crimes in China, Europe, West-Africa Methodology: Review DOTCOM library Interviews China, Europe & West-Africa Questionnaires Europe & West-Africa 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment Topics relevant for all respondents Past training experiences and needs Implementation of guidelines and legislation Information (exchange) and Intelligence National and international cooperation 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results Training experiences and needs Most officials in Africa have no training on waste Need for training of more/significant number of Customs, EPA, and Port officials in Africa on: The nature and modus operandi of waste crimes international and national cooperation and information exchange to fight waste crimes Intelligence gathering and risk analysis Ports inspection processes related to waste crimes Use of appropriate physical inspection equipment Waste identification and classification Waste material handling for evidence purpose Safe handling and disposal of hazardous wastes Understanding of relevant international and national legislations 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results Training experiences and needs Need for training of more/significant number of Prosecutors, Police and Judiciary officials on: The concept of waste crime National and international regulations on waste How to handle evidence materials How to prosecute waste crimes Sentencing for waste crimes 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results Inspections & Detection Implementation of legislation: generally poor in Africa Inspection Procedures and Safety: Rudimentary inspection techniques in Africa Inspection equipment: mostly non-functional / lack of modern waste inspection equipment in Africa Evidence collection - complicated Return of waste shipments: Cost of waste repatriation can be controversial. Customs sometimes releases the consignments before arrival of other regulatory/enforcement officials. Joint inspection by Customs, NESREA, EPA, Interpol and other security agencies in case of suspected waste imports Importers/Shippers of wastes destined for repatriation often uncooperative and may abscond. 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results Information & Intelligence Capacity to detect waste crimes through intelligence is generally lacking in most African countries Inspections plans: no annual waste inspection plan in WA. Ad-hoc inspections and intelligence sharing in Africa, based sometimes on tipoff by Interpol, IMPEL etc. Databases and Software: Generally weak/no intelligence information system against waste crimes. No statistical information/Database on waste crime cases in Africa. - Intelligence on waste imports in Africa is coordinated on ad-hoc basis. - stakeholder regulatory institutions do not readily share information. - No networks and bilateral/multilateral information exchange mechanisms on waste crimes among West African countries 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results National Cooperation Inter-agency cooperation is fairly good in Ghana and Nigeria Inter-agency relationships need to be improved and institutionalised International Cooperation Both formal and informal Often through international organizations and networks (e.g. Interpol, INECE, IMPEL etc) Weak cooperation on waste crime amongst West African countries. Information sharing is often through third party (Interpol). Inter-agency cooperation : In some cases however, there is still some rivalry amongst agencies Regulatory agencies (especially Nigeria & Ghana) cooperate well with Interpol, IMPEL, INECE, UK EPA, USEPA etc. 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Training Needs Assessment-Results Investigations Training on waste crime investigation Tools and technologies Upstream Investigations Financial investigations Prosecution and sentencing Often hampered by use of ambiguous or lack of appropriate national waste legislations Some Judicial officers do not have adequate and requisite knowledge for processing waste crimes Sample handling in Africa often inappropriate for evidence purpose Few cases prosecuted last ‘for ever’ in court. Hardly any sentencing in Africa. Need for specialised training of prosecutors and judges 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Summary of Main Observations of Risk Analysis Trafficking routes are changing and evolving (port/road hopping is common) New sophisticated methods of concealing waste and deceiving authorities are emerging WEEE is the most commonly trafficked waste category Illegal waste trafficking is closely connected to legitimate businesses Strong links between waste crimes and Organised Crime Groups (e.g. Italy) Lack of common definition of waste Absence of clear guidelines to distinguish between waste and non-waste No proper waste legislation in some African countries Lack of cost-effective screening technologies in Europe to detect waste Limited training of law enforcement officers on waste crime Waste crimes are lower priority for LEAs compared to other cross-border crimes 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

DOTCOM Trainings & e-learnings Development of a training toolkit Training manuals and materials (posters, presentations, curriculum, etc.) Online material Capacity building along 2 pillars: F2F training (4 days and approx. 25 participants) in Rome (Sep 26-29, 2017) and in China (Oct 2017 ) Online training - Webinars (5-8 editions) @ M17-M24 Visit www.dotcomwaste.eu/training-signup-form to register your interest to participate in our trainings 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

DOTCOM Trainings & e-learnings Key modules The legislative landscape Problematic waste streams Smarter inspections & Next Gen Compliance Inspection and detection Investigation Intelligence Dealing with illegal shipments Prosecution Sentencing Inter-agency collaboration Networking Means Lectures Master case / role play Q&A sessions Workshop / exercise / case study Field trip/ study visit Beneficiaries Environmental inspectors Customs Police Port authorities Prosecutors Judges 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

What can YOU do? Register your interest to participate in the F2F (Rome) and online trainings at www.dotcomwaste.eu/training-signup-form Join our LinkedIn group and be part of the discussions @ DOTCOM Waste (https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8512400) Download the our Newsletters and visit the our online library at www.dotcomwaste.eu 11th PAPC Conference - Dakar 17/02/17

Q&A: hbarnesdabban@penaf.org This project has been funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs under Grant Agreement Number HOME/2014/ISFP/AG/EFCE/7205. Thank you Q&A: hbarnesdabban@penaf.org