Plant Structure and Function

Three Types of Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue Transport Support Ground Tissue Synthesis of Sugars Storage Dermal Tissue Protection

Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth Apical Meristem tips of root and shoot increase in height Lateral Meristem cylinders within plant body increase in width

Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation Plant Body Leaf = blade + petiole Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange Blade Petiole Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

Transports water and sugar to stem and roots Conserves water Photosynthesis Transports water and sugar to stem and roots Structures of the Leaf

Phloem transports sugar Plant Body Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue Phloem transports sugar Xylem conducts water and minerals

Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

Flowering Plant Reproduction Pollen grains Ovule Flower Meiosis Mitosis Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products pollen grain ovule (contains egg cell)

A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts Produces pollen Stamen Anther Attracts pollinator Filament Pistil Stigma Petal Style Sepal Ovary Encloses and Protects Bud Female part Produces egg

Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Mature Pollen Grain Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus 1. pollen grains land on stigma 2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary 3B: Fusion of 2nd sperm + two polar nuclei Stigma 3. double fertilization Style Sperm 3A: Fusion of sperm + egg Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Ovule Polar nuclei Ovary Egg