Drugs, Toxicology, Arson, and Explosives

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Presentation transcript:

Drugs, Toxicology, Arson, and Explosives Forensic Chemistry Drugs, Toxicology, Arson, and Explosives

What Chemistry Is The study of the composition and transformation of matter Composition – what it is made of Transformation – what happens when it reacts Used in fingerprinting, firearms, document analysis, trace evidence examination, and by itself

Types of Drugs Narcotics – Relieve pain by depression of the central nervous system and sleep. Mostly derived from opium (from poppy plant) Morphine (pain killer), codeine (cough suppressant), heroin (made from morphine), methadone (synthetic opiate). Many are addictive

Depressants – Depress central nervous system. Alcohol (50 % of killers and 40 % of victims are intoxicated), barbiturates (downers), methaqualone (sedative), tranquilizers (valium), chloral hydrate (knock-out drops), “huffing” substances (glue, toluene, gasoline, etc.) Stimulants – stimulate central nervous system and provide alertness and decreased appetite. Amphetamine or methamphetamine, cocaine

Hallucinogens – Mood- and perception-altering drugs Peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), marijuana and hashish (from hemp plant) Drug Tests – Start with Screening Tests Spot tests - place chemical in spot plate and add chemical. Color change indicates the drug may be present. Also use microscopic tests and UV spectroscopy

Confirmatory Tests Infrared Spectrophotometry – Substance is subjected to all wavelengths of IR light, and will absorb at certain frequencies. Each substance will absorb differently at each frequency (based on vibration of its chemical bonds) – IR fingerprint. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) – GC separates components of the mixture, and MS identifies each component (by molar mass)