1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest

This mountain system to the north provided Italy with a natural protection from invaders: The Alps

1. Adriatic 2. Mediterranean 3. Tyrrhenian Additionally, the following three seas (to the East, South and West) surrounding the peninsula gave protection: 1. Adriatic 2. Mediterranean 3. Tyrrhenian

Integral to Ancient Rome’s culture, politics and art was this polytheistic religion: Roman mythology

While western culture adopted many of the Roman symbols and images, the Romans adopted THEIR religious ideas from: The ancient Greeks

While the Greek god of the sky was Zeus, the Roman god was: Jupiter

Juno may be defined as the equivalent of the Greek goddess (Queen of the gods) Hera

Roman god of the sea: Neptune

Roman Sun god Apollo

Roman goddess of light and hunting DIANA

Roman goddess of arts and professions MINERVA

Roman God of War and the red planet: Mars

Goddess of beauty, another planet Venus

The three social classes of the Roman Republic included: 1. Patricians 2. Plebeians 3. Slaves

The Romans & Greeks made slaves out of captives The Romans & Greeks made slaves out of captives. In Athens, this percentage of people were slaves: 1/3!!!

The Roman nobility who were few in number were called: Patricians

The majority of the population consisting of landowners, townspeople, merchants and small farmers were called: Plebeians

Typically, in Ancient Rome, one became a slave by: Being conquered

What classes have the privilege of citizenship in the Roman Republic? Patricians and plebeians (An alien could be granted citizenship only with special authorization)

What were some of the obligations of Roman citizenship? 1. Voting 2. Paying taxes 3. Serving in the military

Two _______ were elected by the Assembly to serve Rome for 1 year Two _______ were elected by the Assembly to serve Rome for 1 year. They held the power of VETO. Consuls

Although relatively powerless, the plebeians could be elected to be one of 10 _________ with the ability to veto Senate bills. Tribunes

The Twelve Tables improved this aspect of Rome for the plebeians: Laws were codified (written) and publicly displayed

These wars were fought between Rome and Carthage: Punic Wars

This Carthaginian general led an invasion of Italy with his elephants! Hannibal

What are 3 results of the wars with Carthage? 1. Carthage was devastated. 2. Rome developed a powerful navy and rose to supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea. 3. Rome went on to conquer mainland Europe.

As a result of this change by the large landowners, many small farmers became unemployed and moved to cities for work: latifundia

Roman conquest made possible cultural diffusion through: Military occupation 2. Trade

This brilliant Roman general led the conquest of Gaul (France) as well as the British Isles: Julius Caesar

A victory for Caesar – he became dictator for life. The result of the civil war between Caesar’s forces and the Senate’s forces was: A victory for Caesar – he became dictator for life.

4 main causes for decline of the Roman Republic were: 1. Slavery spread. 2. Small farmers became unemployed and moved to cities. 3. The civil war that led to Caesar’s rise in power. 4. Inflation – Roman coinage became less valuable so prices of goods went up.

The first emperor of Rome after he defeated Mark Anthony was: Augustus Caesar (or Octavian)

The end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire may be attributed to these 2 causes: Civil war and the rise of Augustus Caesar. The failure to provide for the succession of emperors.

The basis for the power of the Roman Empire was: The army.

Inflation hit Rome because of: 1. Money needed for military conquest. 2. Money needed for defense.

3 good economic impacts of the Roman Empire: Uniform coinage to enhance trade. Guaranteed safe travel on Roman roads. Prosperity and stability.

a good social aspect of the Roman Empire: Social classes were stabilized under central authority.

2 good political aspects of the Roman Empire: 1. A civil service was created. 2. A uniform rule of law was established.

T/F: The Roman law provided a foundation for law in nations that developed in Western Europe. True!

The Christian faith is based on the teachings of: Jesus Christ

5 major Christian beliefs include: One God Jesus as son of God. Life after death. Church recognition of all who believe. All people are equal before God.

Christianity was spread by the writings and teachings of: Apostles and other missionaries.

Christian doctrine was affirmed and clarified by religious assemblies like the: Council of Nicea

They were MONOTHEISTIC and refused to acknowledge the Emperor as god. One of the reasons the Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire was: They were MONOTHEISTIC and refused to acknowledge the Emperor as god.

In 66 AD this fiddle playing Roman Emperor blamed the burning of Rome upon the Christians: NERO

This Roman emperor ended the persecution of Christians when he converted to Christianity and made it the official faith of the Roman Empire: CONSTANTINE

Christianity has its origins in this earlier faith: JUDAISM

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is the bishop of Rome or the: POPE

Religious districts were directed by these church officials: BISHOPS

The individuals who directly served a particular parish were called: PRIESTS

With the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the people of western Europe turned to this institution for security: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Colosseum Pantheon Forum Major Roman architectural achievements included: (1) The great arena (2) the temple to all gods and (3) the city center around which govt. offices were built: Colosseum Pantheon Forum

Roman technological improvements in transportation and water carrying included: Roads Aqueducts

Romance languages such as Italian, Spanish and French are based upon this root language: LATIN

Ptolemy was a scientist of the Roman Era who believed the universe was GEOCENTRIC, meaning? EARTH Centered

Great Roman poet who, in the tradition of Homer, wrote the Aeneid? Virgil

The Roman Empire declined as a result of: Economic decline and inflation Military costs and change in army Moral decay Political turmoil and civil war Invasions by Germanic tribes

The last ROMAN emperor reigned in this year: 476 AD

The Roman Emperor who divided the Roman Empire into East and West was: Diocletian

Constantine founded a new capital at Byzantium and named it: CONSTANTINOPLE

Advantages of the new capital included: Closer to Silk Road and more financially stable Easier to defend b/c of military and fortifications