Measuring Health Status Chapter 2

Health Status Introduction Hans Rosling_s 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes What factors affect the change in health status seen in this clip? How can we measure some of these changes? Are these measurements an accurate way to measure health status of an individual? Is it also accurate to measure health status of a country?

Health Status ‘An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.’

Health Indicators Referred to as measurements used to determine health status Can provide accurate information about overall health status. Governments can use these indicators to examine trends in health status and then act accordingly to assist individuals, groups or populations to achieve optimal health and wellbeing.

Self- Assessed health status Indicator used of health status which reflects a person’s perception of his or her own health and wellbeing at a given point in time. Often collected from population surveys and provides an indication of the overall level being experienced in relation to all aspects of health and wellbeing. Not always an accurate tool. Why? Classify their level based on the following scale – Poor Fair Good Very Good Excellent

Life Expectancy ‘An indication of how long a person can expect live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.’

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) ‘a measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.’

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) Number of years a person can expect to live without reduced functioning due to ill health. Indicator of quality and quantity of life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qo6QNU8kHxI (what will your last 10 years of life look like?) Males Females Life Expectancy 80.4 84.5 HALE 70.8 72.9

Refers to deaths in a population Mortality Refers to deaths in a population Mortality rate: Number of deaths in a 12 month period from a specific cause.

Mortality

Under 5 Mortality Rate The rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births.

Under 5 Mortality Rate

Infant Mortality Rate Measures the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday expressed per 1000 live births.

Maternal Mortality Ratio Measures the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth, up to 6 weeks after delivery per 100,000 live births

Maternal Mortality Ratio Common leading causes of maternal mortality in Australia include: Cardiovascular Disease Obstetric haemorrhage (excessive bleeding during pregnancy, labour, birth or after birth) Birthing complications Lack of trained healthcare professionals present Lack of Education and knowledge

Morbidity Refers to ill-health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group.

Morbidity

Prevalence ‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’

Prevalence

Incidence ‘The number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time.’

Incidence

Burden of disease ‘A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.’

Burden of disease

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) ‘A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.’

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) YLL YLD DALYS

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)

Years of Life Lost (YLL) ‘A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death’

Year Lost Due to Disability (YLD) ‘A measure of how many healthy years are lost due to illness, injury or disability’