Heat As Energy Transfer

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Presentation transcript:

Heat As Energy Transfer SI Unit of heat: Joule (J) Definition of heat: Energy that flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object The sum total of all the energy of all the molecules in a substance is its internal (or thermal) energy. Temperature: measures molecules’ average kinetic energy Other common heat units: 1 calorie (cal) = 4.186 J

Heat As Energy Transfer (c) Specific heat of the material (Q) Thermal energy added (m) Mass of the object (ΔT) Change in temperature m

Heat As Energy Transfer Problem: A 50 g piece of cadmium is at 20 oC. If 400 J of heat is added to the cadmium, what is its final temperature

Heat As Energy Transfer Problem: A 100 g lead bullet traveling at 300 m/s is stopped by a large tree. Half the kinetic energy of the bullet is transformed into heat energy and remains with the the bullet while the other half is transmitted to the tree. What is the increase in temperature of the bullet?

Heat As Energy Transfer Problem: A 3.0 kg block of iron is dropped from rest from the top of a cliff. When the block hits the ground it is observed that its temperature increases by 0.50 oC. Assume that all the potential energy is used to heat the block. How high is the cliff?

Heat As Energy Transfer Problem: A 1.5 kg copper block is given an initial speed of 30 m/s on a rough horizontal surface Because of friction, the block finally comes to rest. If the block absorbs 85% of its initial kinetic energy in the form of heat, Calculate its increase in temperature?