Contents Motivation Initial Setup Methodology Analysis Conclusion

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Contents Motivation Initial Setup Methodology Analysis Conclusion PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Toomre and Toomre 1972 – T&T set out to model galaxies NGC-4038/9 (i.e. the antennae) and were able to successfully produce an accurate rendering using a fourth order Runge-Kutta integration method. PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

1972  2006 PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Kepler problem PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Geometry PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Galaxy Setup We filled 12 concentric rings of radii 0.2Rmin to 0.75Rmin with a step of 0.05Rmin, with each ring having 3 more particles than the previous Particles given initial velocity to maintain a circular orbit. Softening: ε = 0.2 PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Restricted 3-Body Send satellite masses to 1.0 E-9 as compared to M = 1 for the center of mass. PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Our Results PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Comparison PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Orbit Plane φ = 0 φ = 2π/3 PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group

Tidal Forces PH241 Midterm The Antennae Group