Coronary Phantom Design for K-edge Angiography John Jorgensen Sarah Pachtman Punam Patel Marcus Spallek Advisor: Dr. Frank Carroll Mark-1,2,3 Punam-4,5 Sarah-6,7 John – 8-10

Diagram of MX200’s laser paths and major elements. Project Background Monochromatic tunable X-ray: Reduced radiation dose to patient Reduced contrast agent concentrations K-edge imaging A simple process of arranging the head on collision of a terawatt infrared laser and an electron beam from a particle accelerator with picosecond timing Diagram of MX200’s laser paths and major elements. http://www.mxisystems.com/mx200.html FOR MORE INFO... Free Electron Laser Laboratory  http://www.vanderbilt.edu/fel/

K-edge Effect

Project Goals Design a coronary phantom Test contrast agent concentrations hypersensitivity reaction to iodine (3-12% patients) current clinical dilution is 1:16 using monochromatic plain films it is possible to see 1:256 dilutions Determine optimal angle for stereo imaging In order to form a 3-d images, pictures of the object are taken from slightly different angles that correspond to the angles of vision of the two eyes of a person looking at the object itself. Mounted on an arm that can rotate so in degrees Tan θ = 3/30 = 0.10 θ ~ 6° 3” θ 30”

Solution Description Radio Translucent at 35 keV Flexible material Fluid perfusion Phantom Size 7.5cm diameter Vasculature Size Range 5 - 0.5 mm Coronary arteries on surface Curved channels Hollow vessels Radio Translucent at 35 keV  iodine k-edge Flexible material  ease of molding  ease of fluid perfusion through compliant vessels Vasculature  internal design structure is not critical  all vasculature will be represented on the surface of phantom  molding method of obtaining curved channels -use tubes? If so, must determine radio translucency, medical-grade tubing is not radio translucent  Hollow vessels allow perfusion with contrast agent  that’s why there is no need to have a chamber; the agent is only going through coronary arteries Finger imaged at 19 keV Finger imaged at 26 keV

Phantom Designs Preliminary Sketch Shelley Medical Imaging Technologies www.simutech.com Preliminary Sketch

Material - ReoFlex ™ Rubber Physical Properties Flexible cured product 2-component liquid resin system Room-temperature cure 20 Shore A durometer                                www.smooth-on.com

Schedule Research Material Testing & Design Manufacturing Testing November December January February March April ·        November & December -          Research Materials for Phantom -         Research Phantom Design -          Dosimetry Research ·        January -          Testing Materials for X-ray translucence -         Design of Phantom -          Design of Pulsatile System ·        February -         Manufacture Phantom -          Manufacture Pulsatile System for Phantom       March & April         Test Dosimetry for Imaging         Test for Optimal Stereo-Imaging Angle          Test Pulsatile Phantom             FOR MORE INFO... http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2003/group12/NCIIA%20Grant%20Proposal.htm

Current Status On-track Behind Material Selected Preliminary Phantom Design Completed Approved by Advisor Researched Stereolithography Behind Dosimetry Research Materials Research: Found that material cannot be opaque Found that material must be flexible in order to be pulsatile Found that material must be radiolucent (at 35keV) We have started looking at polyurethanes and silicones resin materials Phantom Design Research: Talked with project advisor extensively Talked with resources away from Vanderbilt Materials testing: Tested 14 different samples of polyurethanes Results: ////////////////////

Future Plans February March & April Complete Model SolidWorks Prototype by University of Pittsburg Start Final Report March & April Test Dosimetry for Imaging Test for Optimal Stereo Angle Phantom Design: We would like to have the design completed by the end of Jan but we realize this might be bold since that gives us 2 weeks from the time we get back… a more realistic goal is to have a preliminary design by then Notice: 2 Months for Testing, might be easiest part of project… therefore we have given ourselves some flexibility in our schedule. For example, if the Phantom Design isn't complete by January 31st our cause isn’t lost.

Team and Resources Advisor: Dr. Frank Carroll, M.D. Monochromatic x-ray machine W.M. Keck Free-electron Laser (FEL) Center at Vanderbilt University Materials and tools provided by BME Department and FEL Center Polyurethane resins from outside contractors Photograph of device with laser cover removed http://www.vanderbilt.edu/fel/Xray/manuscripts/final%20report%20for%20ONR%20grant%2020021218.doc

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