Social Studies 20-1 Nationalism Related Issue I: To what extent should nation be the foundation of identity? Chapter 3: How can Nationalism Develop?

Chapter Inquiry Questions: How did nationalism develop in France? How did Napoleon contribute to French nationalism? How has nationalism developed in recent times?

French Revolution Overview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1_2NwmIobU

Nationalism and the French Revolution How did Nationalism Develop in France? [Why did the French people unite as a nation?] [How did feelings of nationalism build among these people?] [How did they express their feelings of nationalism?]

Historical and Social Factors that Shaped French Nationalism Identity? How might a member of the 3rd Estate feel about members of the other Estates? To what extent might the members of all three estates have shared a collective identity? King Ancien Régime: the political and social system in place prior to the French Revolution 1st Estate: the Roman Catholic Clergy 2nd Estate: the nobility 3rd Estate: serfs/peasants, merchants (bourgeoisie), and artisans/workers

Historical and Social Factors that Shaped French Nationalism (cont’d) 1539: Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts How can the adoption of an official language affect the identity of a nation? How is language related to the identity of a people? Age of Enlightenment writers: Montesquie, Voltaire, and Rousseau (p. 55), influenced the French Revolution. How so?

Historical and Social Factors that Shaped French Nationalism (cont’d) Bourgeoisie were tired of the old regime and demanded change Increase in education and literacy  Resentment towards the arrogance of the First and Second Estates, heavy taxes they were forced to pay while being excluded from privileges, being dictated to by the clergy and nobility Some members of the 1st and 2nd Estates also encouraged changes to the outdated political structure Forms of changes and how they were enacted were pivotal to the conflicts during the French Revolution

Historical and Social Factors that Shaped French Nationalism (cont’d) By 1789, France was MASSIVELY in debt because of the wars waged by Louis XV and Louis XVI Who shouldered the majority of this burden? Leading up to Revolution, there were rumours of unemployment and scarcity of food Further resentment grew

How did Nationalism Develop during the French Revolution? Questioning of the absolute power of the king. What caused this? Inspired by ideas of the philosophes that challenged the nature of the old regime, as well as the recent revolution in the USA Overpowered, the Bourgeoisie reflected 90% of the population. They wanted a voice that represented their numbers (legally, economically, politically) Why might the Third Estate be unhappy with this distribution of power? What would the distribution of power look like if power were distributed based on population?

Ideas and Opinions Turn to page 59 and read the respected quotations from the Cahiers de doléances (Books of grievances) Examine the quotations and identify what the members of each estate share as common goals and complaints for France Go!

Timeline: French Revolution How did political change to the social structure lead to the development of nationalism in France? How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen demonstrate a shift in the identities of members of each estate? How did the shift in the political power from an absolute monarchy to a democracy shape nationalism in France?

French Nationalism during the Napoleonic Era How did Napoleon Contribute to French Nationalism? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t05O-iVx2R8

Naploeon Bonaparte In what ways did Napoleon affect the nationalism of the French people after the French Revolution? In what ways did Napoleon’s reforms contribute to uniting the people of France as a nation?

Explore the Issue… (p. 67) In what ways can the development of nationalism be shaped by changing social, political, and economic conditions? Use the French Revolution and Napoleon’s reign to support your answer.

A Contemporary Example of Nationalism How has nationalism developed in recent times?

Kosovo: An Independent State Turn to page 68 and work your way through the case study Remember to respond to the questions on page 70