Launching the New Ship of State Chapter 10, American Pageant, 13th ed.

DISCLAIMER What you are about to learn is information regarding the first two Presidents of the United States All information plays into a larger political divide between Hamiltonian Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans Keep this in mind as we start launch our new ship of state!

The first “Dubya” – Washington Federalist (1789-1797) Had common sense, but no brilliance Unanimously chosen as 1st Pres. Adams - VP Jefferson – Sec. of State Knox – Sec. of War Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury http://www.pelosioutnow.com/President_George_Washington.jpg

The first “Dubya” – Washington Adopted Bill of Rights (1791) Judiciary Act (1789) Added Supreme Court, Federal Courts, Circuit Courts John Jay – 1st Chief Justice of Supreme Court http://www.pelosioutnow.com/President_George_Washington.jpg

Washington’s Presidency French Revolution began 1789; Louis XVI beheaded 1793 Great Britain disgusted, enters alliance against French revolutionaries Franco-American alliance tested Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 U.S. & is citizens would be neutral Began U.S. isolationist stance Kept U.S. out of another “world war”

Washington’s Presidency Hamilton is “Father of the National Debt” Debt unites people for common cause Passed excise taxes Proposed Bank of the United States (1791) To print money and deposit the Federal Treasury dollars http://www.historyimages.com/founding-fathers/Hamilton-Alexander.jpg

Washington’s Presidency Whiskey Rebellion (PA 1794) Excise tax on whiskey; violent protests ensued Washington rallied troops from several states; put down Whiskey Rebellion Another of Hamilton’s fiscal policies; had to pay for national debt

Washington’s Presidency Miami Confederacy (led by Little Turtle) 8 Native American tribes around Great Lakes region (present day Michigan) Confederacy traded w/Britain, terrorized Americans Battle of Fallen Timbers U.S. General Wayne defeated Miami Confederacy Treaty of Greenville signed (1795) Miami gave up land in present-day Indiana & Ohio for $20,000 & annual payment of $9000; could also hunt land

Washington’s Presidency GB cut off trade between US & French West Indies; seized US ships America stayed neutral though it was a divisive issue Washington sends John Jay (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) to London http://www.mccordclan.com/George%20Washington%201782%20painting.jpg

Washington’s Presidency Jay’s Treaty w/London GB would pay for damages for seized American ships (old seizures, not new ones) GB would leave US soil (they still had outposts in NW) US would pay debts to British merchants http://www.constitution.org/img/john_jay.jpg

Washington’s Presidency Pinckney Treaty (1795) Spain thought US & Britain were allying forces against France; Spain wanted to hop in the bandwagon US got uninhibited navigation of Mississippi River & Florida Washington decides he is done and writes his poignant Farewell Address

Why hello, John Adams. Federalist (1797-1801) Ran against Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) Had to deal with France (Jay’s treaty) French seized American ships Had to have peace with France

Adam’s Presidency XYZ Affair Convention of 1800 Adams sent envoys to France They were met by X, Y, Z (wanted bribes before negotiations would begin) US came home empty handed Adams becomes “Father of the Navy”; fighting was in French West Indies (1798-1800) Adams sent men to talk to Napoleon Bonaparte Convention of 1800 France & US ended alliance, made nice with Napoleon, avoided war

Adam’s Presidency Alien & Sedition Laws Raised residence requirements for European immigrants to become voting citizens (5yrs. to 14 yrs.) Imprisonment or deportation of dangerous immigrants during peacetime Jail or fines for defaming the US, the president or government in general

Adam’s Presidency Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Drafted by Jefferson & Madison Passed by Kentucky (1798-99) and Virginia (1798) National government had exceeded the powers given to it by the Constitution Encouraged states to refuse the Alien & Sedition Acts. http://www.gwu.edu/~ffcp/exhibit/p4/p4_5med.jpg