Water Use and Management Chapter 11-2
Clean Water A shortage of clean, fresh water is one of the world’s biggest environmental problems More than 1 billion people lack access to clean fresh water
Global Water Use
Residential Water Use Average water use per person in US – 80 gallons a day (300 L) ½ is used for residential use India - 11.8 gallons(41 L)
Water Treatment Potable – water that is made safe to drink Pathogens – organisms that cause illness or disease Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms Water with feces
Industrial Water Use Industry - 19% of water used in the world Manufacture goods Dispose of waste Generate power 132,000 gallons of water are needed to manufacture a car
Cooling Power Plants
Agricultural Water Use 80 gal to produce an ear of corn Agriculture - 67% of water used in world 80% of water evaporates before it reaches the roots
Irrigation Irrigation – method for providing plants with water other than precipitation Early irrigation – flooding of fields
Water Diversion Projects Owens River in California Colorado River
Dams and Reservoirs Dam – structure built to control a river’s flow Built for electrical energy Reservoir – artificial lake that is formed behind a dam
Hydroelectric Dam Flowing water turns turbine Turbine generates electricity
Negative Effects Displacement of ecosystems Blocks fertile sediments from reaching down stream Bursting dams
3 Dam Clips
Water Conservation Agriculture Drip irrigation System Most lost through Evaporation Run-off Seepage Drip irrigation System Releases water at a controlled rate Directly to roots
Water Conservation Industry Some cities pay small business to conserve Recycling of cooling and waste water Some cities pay small business to conserve
Water Conservation Home Low-flow toilets and showers 1/3 of water used is for landscaping Water at night Xeriscaping – designing landscape that uses minimal water
Desalination Desalination – process of removing salt from ocean water Heat salt water and collect evaporated water Expensive
Transporting Water Almost ½ of water in U.S. is in Alaska Talks of hauling water to dry areas 77% of Earth’s freshwater is found in ice Transporting ice?
Desalination Clip