The Mathematics of Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

The Mathematics of Chemistry Stoichiometry

1 mole of an element is equal to its atomic mass in grams The Mole 1 mole of an element is equal to its atomic mass in grams

Calculations M O L E C U S Molar Mass Avogadro’s Number G R A M S MOLE

The mass in grams of 1 mole of the compound Molar Mass The mass in grams of 1 mole of the compound C10 H6 O3 10 C = 10 X 12.01g = 120.10 6 H = 6 X 1.00g = 6.00 3 O = 3 X 16.00g = 48.00 TOTAL = 174.1 grams

The mass in grams of 1 mole of the compound Molar Mass The mass in grams of 1 mole of the compound CaCO3 Ca 1 X 40.0 grams = 40.0 grams C 1 X 12.0 grams = 12.0 grams O 3 X 16.0 grams = 48.0 grams TOTAL = 100.0 grams

Chemical Equations CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O Recipe for a Chemical Reaction Relative number of Reactant and Product Coefficients – relative numbers CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

Balancing Chemical Equations Atoms are Conserved in a Chemical Reaction When an Equation is Balanced Never change the IDENTITIES of the Reactants or Products C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + H2O (g)

Balancing Chemical Equations C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + H2O (g) Count Atoms: Carbon 2 Carbon 1 Hydrogen 6 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen 3 Oxygen 3

Balancing Chemical Equations C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + H2O (g) C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g)  2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (g)

Stoichiometric Calculations The Plan Write the Chemical Equation Balance the Chemical Equation Grams known  Moles known Moles known  Moles unknown 5. Moles unknown  Grams unknown

Stoichiometric Calculations The Problem Lithium hydroxide is used in an outer space environment to remove excess exhaled carbon dioxide from the living environment. The products of the reaction are lithium carbonate and water. If 48.0 grams of lithium hydroxide are used in a small scale experimental device, how much carbon dioxide will the device process? The Plan 1. Write the Chemical Equation 2. Balance the Chemical Equation 3. Grams known  Moles known 4. Moles known  Moles unknown 5. Moles unknown  Grams unknown

Stoichiometric Calculations The Plan 2. Balance the Chemical Equation 1. Write the Chemical Equation LiOH + CO2 (g)  Li2CO3 + H2O (g) 2. Balance the Chemical Equation 2 LiOH + CO2 (g)  Li2CO3 + H2O (g)

Stoichiometric Calculations The Plan 3. Grams known  Moles known 48 grams X 1 mole = 2.00 moles of LiOH 24 grams 4. Moles known  Moles unknown 2 LiOH + CO2 (g)  Li2CO3 (g) + H2O (g) 2.00 mole LiOH X 1 mole CO2 = 1.00 moles of CO2 2 mole LiOH

Stoichiometric Calculations The Plan 5. Moles unknown  Grams unknown 1.00 mole CO2 X 44.0 grams = 44.0 grams of CO2 1 mole

Stoichiometric Calculations The Problem Lithium hydroxide is used in an outer space environment to remove excess exhaled carbon dioxide from the living environment. The products of the reaction are lithium carbonate and water. If 48.0 grams of lithium hydroxide are used in a small scale experimental device, how much carbon dioxide will the device process? When 48.0 grams of lithium hydroxide are available for use in a reaction, 44 grams of carbon dioxide can be processed by the reaction.