Mobile networking system ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking Group 4 10000593 Chan Chun Yin 11002417 Choi Man Hei 11015780 Wong Wai Mei

Agenda 1. Mobile usage phenomena 2. Mobile networking system concept 3. Case: Yahoo! HK 4. Transformation from 1G to 4G 5. Advantage of 3G/4G 6. Disadvantage of 3G/4G 7. Application 8. Future expectation ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

1. Mobile usage phenomena (1/4) Asia – World leader Mobile data consumption = 659 MB/month up by 10% in the last 6 months North America Internet data usage is up by 120% Europe YouTube represents more than 20% of peak period downstream traffic on mobile networks ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

1. Mobile usage phenomena (2/4) Phone checking >6 per hour <18: 58% 18-30: 52% 31-40: 45% Phone purpose Whatsapp: 35% ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

1. Mobile usage phenomena (3/4) Whatsapp trend makes people feel uncomfortable without phones. Checking phones >30 times even in washroom ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

Interesting Fact (4/4) 87% American adults who own a cell phone 84% Cell phone owners who could not go a single day without their device 81% Growth of smartphone usage in 2012 70% Growth of global mobile data traffic in 2012 51% Traffic on mobile devices from video in 2012 45% American adults who own a smartphone 44% Cell phone owners who have slept with their phone nearby because they didn’t want to miss a notification ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

2. Mobile networking system concept (1/2) Mobile phone = portable telephone  receives or makes calls through a cell site/base station/transmitting tower. Digital cellular technologies: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), cdmaOne, CDMA2000, Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Digital AMPS (IS-136/TDMA), Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN). Cell phone = Mobile phone Cell - Radio frequencies = limited, shared resource. Achieve both coverage and capacity for their subscribers Cell site range: ~ ½ mile, (Rural areas ~5 miles) Satellite phones ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

2. Mobile networking system concept – Structure (2/2) A network of radio base stations forming the base station subsystem. The core circuit switched network for handling voice calls and text A packet switched network for handling mobile data The public switched telephone network to connect subscribers to the wider telephony network This network is the foundation of the GSM system network. There are many functions that are performed by this network in order to make sure customers get the desired service including mobility management, registration, call set up, and handover. Any phone connects to the network via an RBS (Radio Base Station) at a corner of the corresponding cell which in turn connects to the Mobile switching center (MSC). The MSC provides a connection to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The link from a phone to the RBS is called an uplink while the other way is termed downlink. Radio channels effectively use the transmission medium through the use of the following multiplexing & access schemes: frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), and space division multiple access (SDMA). ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

3. Case: Yahoo!HK (1/2) Working at Yahoo!HK Enjoy free smartphone Can choose any kind of smartphone and Yahoo!HK is responsible for the bill ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

3. Case: Yahoo!HK (2/2) Why Yahoo!HK is offer smartphones to employee? Yahoo!HK is developing the Mobile Platform Experience as an end user in order to know more what they really need 24 hours on call (No excuse not receiving calls/emails) ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (1/6) 1st Generation AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) analog signals + dynamically assigned channels Limitations: no support for encryption, poor sound quality inefficient use of the spectrum 1st Generation AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) – first popular cell phone service; used analog signals and dynamically assigned channels limitations such as no support for encryption, poor sound quality and inefficient use of the spectrum due to their analog nature ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (2/6) 2nd Generation Referred as PCS (Personal Communication Systems) 2G technologies can be divided into:  Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based  Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based The main 2G standards: GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications) CDMA NA-TDMA(North American TDMA) D-AMPS(digital AMPS) 2G technologies can be divided into Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based standards depending on the type ofmultiplexing used. The main 2G standards are: GSM (TDMA-based) which accounts for over 80% of all subscribers around the world. 2G networks were built mainly for voice services and slow data transmission Second generation (2G) cellular networks also known as personal communication services (PCS) introduced the concept of Being digital, they overcame certain limitations of 1G systems. Various 2G technologies have been deployed around the world. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), North American Time Division Multiple Access (NA-TDMA) and digital AMPS (D-AMPS) have been deployed in the US whereas Global System for mobile communication (GSM) has been deployed in Europe and USA and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) has been deployed in Japan. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G(3/6) 2.5th Generation 2G-systems implemented a packet-switched domain + circuit-switched domain 2.5G technologies: -High Speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) -General packet Radio Service (GPRS), -Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) used for WAP, SMS & MMS services, Internet access Although 2G systems were a great improvement from 1G, they were only used for voice communication It is also known as data services over 2G. In Europe or places where GSM has been used, 2.5G technologies such as High Speed circuit switched data (HSCSD), General packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) have been deployed. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (4/6) 3rd Generation Main technologies: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) – also called Wideband CDMA In the US, CDMA2000 In China Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA). 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (5/6) 4th Generation two technologies are supposed to be the based features of 4G: WiMAX WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access previously worked as fixed wireless facility under the 802.16e band. Now the modified standard 802.16m has been developed with the properties of speed, wide spectrum, and increase band. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (6/6) LTE Advanced  IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to target is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. an enhancement to LTE. improvement on the existing LTE network LTE Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be released in 2013. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements.[12] LTE Advanced is essentially an enhancement to LTE. It is not a new technology, but rather an improvement on the existing LTE network. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

5. Advantages of Cellular Networks (1/1) flexible enough to use the features and functions of almost all public and private networks increased capacity reduced power use larger coverage area reduced interference from other signals ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

6. Limitations Of Cellular Networks (1/1) Wireless Access Medium Limited Bandwidth System Complexity Limited Power Limited Processing Power Relatively Unreliable Network Connection Limitations Of Cellular Networks Compared to Wired Networks, Wireless Cellular Networks have a lot of limitations.Open Wireless Access Medium: Since the communication is on the wireless channel, there is no physical barrier that can separate an attacker from the network. Limited Bandwidth: Although wireless bandwidth is increasing continuously, because of channel contention everyone has to share the medium. System Complexity: Wireless systems are more complex due to the need to support mobility and making use of the channel effectively. By adding more complexity to systems, potentially new security vulnerabilities can be introduced. Limited Power: Wireless Systems consume a lot of power and therefore have a limited time battery life. Limited Processing Power: The processors installed on the wireless devices are increasing in power, but still they are not powerful enough to carry out intensive processing. Relatively Unreliable Network Connection: The wireless medium is an unreliable medium with a high rate of errors compared to a wired network. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation (1/6) ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation (2/6) 3G 5G 4G WiMAX LTE ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation - 5G Technology (3/6) 5th Generation Mobile technology Use cell phones within very high bandwidth All type of advanced features which makes 5G mobile technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (4/6) High resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi- directional large bandwidth shaping. The advanced billing interfaces more attractive and effective. Providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action. Avoid error Large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000 connections. Transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (5/6) The traffic statistics  more accurate. Remote management  a user can get better and fast solution. Remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology. Providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed. Support virtual private network. All delivery service out of business prospect The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak. Offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the world ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (5/6) Application to Yahoo!HK Main purpose: Interconnection between employers and employees Application to general public: Main purpose: Whatsapp If they could have used a faster, safer networking system, things would have gone even better. ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking

THE END Q&A TIME ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking