The role and state of the sector Voluntary organisations supporting people in contact with the criminal justice system in England and Wales the role & state of the sector- voluntary organisations supporting people in the criminal justice system in England and Wales

How many organisations are we talking about? 1,750 organisations whose primary beneficiary group is ‘offenders’ 4,916 criminal justice is one of their areas of work. Challenging to know how many organisations we are talking about, but the most recent estimates suggest that there are -

Who organisations support 80% of organisations support men 73% support women 67% support young adults (aged 18-25) 57% support people from black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities. 61% support people with mental health needs 60% support people with problematic substance misuse issues 45% support people who are homeless. Give a quick overview of the services organisations provide and what needs they look to address Voluntary organisations working in criminal justice exist to meet a range of needs presented by their service uses and they do this through providing a variety of services such as: mentoring, befriending or coaching; information and support; education and learning; peer support; providing accommodation; family support; and through the gate provision. One Page 15 of the report you can see the range of work organisations undertake. 14% say that they are involved in the delivery of public health 12% say they provide arts-based provision Some organisations work also work to provide specialist services to meet the needs of their clients.

Where organisations deliver services 43% deliver their services locally 34% deliver their services regionally 36% deliver their services nationally 55% work both in the community and in prison The organisations who completed our survey deliver their services across a broad geographical area and 43% deliver their services locally, and just over a third deliver services regionally. The majority of organisations (55%) work both in the community and in prison, which is a consistent finding from our previous state of the sector surveys and indicates that most organisations work with people both whilst they are in prison and after their release. We found that the majority (76%) of organisations said that their clients self-refer to their service, which indicates that these organisations are known and trusted in the communities they operate in.

The people organisations support

Organisations are supporting more people, with 57% organisations saying they have supported more people in the financial year 2015/16 The blue legend on the graph shows the complexity of need, the pink the urgency of needs. 80% of organisations agreed or strongly agreed that needs have become more complex, 79% said they have become more urgent.

A reduction in other services Prisons that are in need of immediate reform A changing policy landscape. Due to the high response rate we were able to determine why the changes to service user needs had taken place. We were able to categorise these reasons and we split them into three categories- A reduction in other services For the first time we have evidence that the ‘safety net’ is reducing’ for people in contact with the CJS. As statutory organisations are pulling back and reducing their services, voluntary organisations are under increasing pressure to step in and fill those gaps. This has led to increased demand on voluntary organisations, which is putting staff under pressure and stretching their resources. Prisons that the in need of immediate reform We found that the conditions in prisons are not only having a negative impact on the needs of the people in prison and their families, they are preventing some voluntary organisations from delivering their services as they aren’t able to access the prison. A changing policy landscape Any change to policy will inevitably have an impact on service users and the organisations working to support them. When organisations told us about the impact of policy change on their services users, they overwhelmingly highlighted that welfare reform is having a negative impact on their clients.

If organisations told us they had seen a change in the complexity and immediacy of their clients needs, we asked them how they had responded to these changes. 65% working more flexibly with their clients 55% said they are working to improve the skill set of their staff and volunteers through new training opportunities. 51% increased the number of volunteers they recruit to help them meet the needs of their service users. But we did see some things that concerned us, as 41% of organisations said their staff were taking on larger caseloads to respond to the changing needs of their service users, which is not sustainable and could have a negative impact on the quality of the services they are able to deliver. Organisations were acutely aware of the impact the changing needs of their service users was having on their staff, and we will explore that in more detail later.

The services they deliver

30% organisations providing specialist support for BAME communities were at risk of closure. This is the case compared to 5% of all survey respondents. Organisations continue to be flexible and responsive to the needs of their service users. 70% organisations told us they had developed and delivered new services in the financial year 2015/16. 82% said a very important factor when deciding to do this was to respond to respond to the changing needs of their service users. 80% reported that filling a gap in provision was important.

How organisations are funded

Sector overview Government is largest income source But: Income sources differ by size of organisations Two groups: Mention the methodology and the difference between the two groups again. Size: Specialist criminal justice organisations tend to be smaller than non-specialist criminal justice organisations: • 76% of specialist orgs are small or medium sized (up to £1m) compared to 56% of non-specialist orgs • 25% of specialist criminal justice organisations generate income of more than £1m per year, but 44% of non- specialist criminal justice organisations Government income: Variety of income sources, largest source for both groups is government, which makes up • 70% of the total income for specialist organisations • 62% for non-specialist criminal justice organisations. 34% for UK voluntary sector (far less) – largest income source are individuals (45%) Income sources by size: Specialist orgs: larger organisations more likely to receive income from government (includes central government, local authorities and the NHS), whilst smaller specialist criminal justice organisations are more likely to rely on income from voluntary sector (including grants from trusts and foundations). On to next slide: > There is a similar trend when we look at majority income source.

Majority income source Specialist criminal justice organisations are more likely to rely on income from trusts and foundations as their major income source. This will be in the form of grants Smaller organisations were more likely to receive over 50% of their income from the voluntary sector than larger organisations. Even more true for specialist criminal justice orgs. • 38% of specialist criminal justice organisations, whose income is between £100k and £500k • 6% of non-specialist organisations whose income is between £100k and £500k Almanac – very different to whole UK voluntary sector who receive most of their funding from individuals as donations: 49.2%

Income from government Trends in government income between 2008/09 and 2014/15 Specialist criminal justice organisations Reduced funding from local government (-40%) – £230.2m to £137.2m increase in income from national government (68%) – £138.8m to £233.6m £96.4m more from central than local in 2014/15 Non-specialist criminal justice organisations Composition has stayed the same- gain more funding from local government sources UK voluntary sector: In 2014/15 for the first time in more than a decade, income from central government (£7.3bn) is higher than for local government (£7.1bn)

Government grant and contracts % change of government income by income type from 2008/09 to 2014/15 (2014/15 prices) Government grant funding: In general quite some jumps for specialist criminal justice organisations decreased by 50% (£23.9m to £12.7m) Big drop happened after 2012/13 increased by 91% for non-specialists (£27.4m to £52.3m) Big jump after 2012/13 Government contracts: During the same time government contracts increased for both groups In general more stable Contracts make up: 97% of total income from government for both groups 81% for the UK voluntary sector UK voluntary sector: For over a decade, there has been a trend of income from government being provided through contract rather than grants. The switch from grants to contracts began 2003/04 but stabilised around 2012/13 Now: The ratio of government income to the sector from grants and contracts remains relatively stable

Income from individuals Non-specialist criminal justice organisations received 14 times the value of donations than specialist criminal justice organisations. In 2014/15 individual donations made up 5% of total income of specialist criminal justice organisations and 14% of the total income of non-specialist criminal justice organisations. Earned income for specialist criminal justice organisations has grown substantially—by 100% between 2008/09 and 2014/15. Specialist orgs: Rise in income from individuals Of total income: 12.4% in 2008/09 to 19.1% in 2014/15 Earned income has grown substantially by 100% between 2008/09 and 2014/15. From £37.5m to £74.9m (still fairly low) Majority is now earned income Of income from individuals: 74% in 2014/15 (55% for wider group) UK voluntary sector: Increases in income from individuals have also happened for the whole sector, but not as large Over the same period earned income from individuals increased by 23.9% Non-specialist orgs: Receive more donations received 14 times the value of donations than specialist criminal justice organisations (£374.7m vs. £26.2m in 2014/15) In 2014/15 individual donations made up 5% of total income of specialist criminal justice organisations But 14% of the total income of non-specialist criminal justice organisations. Jumps in earned income from individuals Fairly stable donations