Section 4- Turning Points of the War
QOTD: Day 2 What is a siege?
The Western Campaign MS River is the main focus of Western campaign Confederates still have strongholds at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA
The Siege of Vicksburg Grant marches south of Vicksburg in LA Attack on rail line in central MS to draw attention away from Vicksburg March NE to capture Jackson, MS
The Siege of Vicksburg Gain control of main rail line Vicksburg is now cut off May 22- Grant lays siege for 1 month Fire from land and river
The Siege of Vicksburg Confederates surrender due to lack of supplies and constant fire July 4, 1863 Port Hudson surrendered days later Confederacy now cut in 2
Battle of Fredericksburg Ambrose Burnside placed in charge of Army of the Potomac Dec. 1862- Army of Potomac vs. Army of Northern VA Lee defeats the new commander Union suffers 2x casualties of Confederates
Battle of Chancellorsville Gen. Joseph Hooker replaces Burnside South wins again, but Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded Dies a few days later Lee decides to invade PA
Invasion of the North Goals: Win international support for Confederacy Demoralize the Union Force an end to the war
The Battle of Gettysburg Lee hopes to capture footwear factory Army of Potomac under the leadership of Gen. Meade July 1- Northern Gen. Buford spreads army out NW of town Calls for reinforcements
The Battle of Gettysburg 1st day- Confederate victory Push North to higher ground to the south Nightfall helps strengthen Union position
The Battle of Gettysburg Union digs trench from Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill to Cemetery Ridge Line extends to Little and Big Round Top Union held the high ground
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Confederates attack the Northern and Southern ends of the Union line Union abandoned Little Round Top Rebels failed to breach the Union line
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Union forces led by Col. Chamberlain recapture Little Round Top Met Confederates at top Union ran low on ammo Chamberlain orders bayonet charge 100’s of Confederates surrender
The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 3 July 3rd- Lee orders artillery attack with cannons at Cemetery Ridge Gen. George Pickett orders fateful “Pickett’s Charge” up the ridge 1000’s of Confederates mowed down
Gettysburg and the Aftermath 50,000 lay dead/wounded ½ Confederates, 1/3 of Lee’s total fighting force Invasion of the North abandoned Confederates retreated to VA
The Gettysburg Address Nov. 1863- Lincoln travels to Gettysburg to dedicate a cemetery to the fallen soldiers http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410 Preserve the US- a nation dedicated to the “proposition that all men are created equal
Outcome of Battles Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were w/in 1 day of each other MS river was in Union hands No help from Europe Confederates still won a few battles (Chickamauga,GA in 1863)
The Overland Campaign 1864- Grant recalled from the west Lincoln puts him in charge of the entire Union Army Sets sights on Richmond, VA
The Overland Campaign Higher % casualties for Confederates Northern public outraged by 100’s of 1000’s of casualties on both sides Grant uses total war- attack civilian and military targets Destroy economy that supports enemy and will of the people
Sherman’s March to the Sea Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman also uses total war Goal: capture Savannah, GA Loot for supplies, destroy anything of value left behind RR tracks, buildings, private homes
Sherman’s March to the Sea Confederates abandon ATL as he closes in Sherman does not, his forces burn 40% of ATL to the ground Captures Savannah in late Dec.
Exit Slip How did the two battles from today turn the tide of the war in favor of the North?