Phase Changes.

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Presentation transcript:

Phase Changes

Phase Changes Phase changes occur when substances move from one state of matter to another. Ex: ice cube melting This is a physical change. Why is it not considered a chemical change?

Phase Changes The Kinetic Theory helps explain how and why phase changes take place. Gaining energy/heat  atoms move faster Losing energy/heat  atoms slow down When a substance condenses from a gas back to liquid, has it absorbed or released heat?

Phase Changes

Phase Change Graph

Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter Ways we describe matter Two categories: Physical Chemical

Physical Properties Observed with your senses Can be observed without changing the material Examples: Color Shape Density

Chemical Properties Cannot be observed without changing the matter Describes how the matter reacts with other substances Examples: Flammability Reactivity

Physical vs. Chemical Changes Physical Changes Chemical Changes A change in size, shape, or state No new substance is formed Examples: Tearing paper Crushing a rock Ice melting A change in physical and chemical properties A new substance is formed Examples: Burning paper Frying an egg Rusting

Signs of a Chemical Change Chemical reactions either absorb or release energy. Energy can be in many forms: Heat Light Sound Color Bubbles

Density

Density Physical property Density is the amount of matter (mass) compared to the amount of space (volume) the object takes up.

Density Density is mass divided by volume D = m/v Our unit for density is g/ml or g/cm3

Density Formula Triangle

Water and Density Since one gram of water has a volume of one mL, then the density of water will always be 1 g/mL. 50 mL of water will have a mass of 50 grams, so again the density of water will be 1 g/mL. What would be the volume of 1000 mL of water? What would be the density?

Floating and Sinking Less dense materials will float on top of more dense materials. Objects with a density of less than 1 g/mL will float on top of water. Objects with a density greater than 1 g/mL will sink in water.

Comparing Densities Where is the most dense object? Where is the least dense object?

Density Practice What is the density of a 16 gram pencil with a volume of 8 cm3? What is the volume of a substance that has a mass of 30 grams and a density of 3 g/mL? What is the mass of 40 mL of milk if it has a density of 2 g/mL?