The Byzantine Empire

URBANIZATION IN THE EMPIRE

THE TWO ROMAN EMPIRES

Constantinople

The Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire Constantinople = Byzantine Capital

Constantinople Geographic advantages of this city

Constantinople Good Harbor

Constantinople Good Harbor Trade routes link Europe and Asia

Constantinople Good Harbor Trade routes link Europe and Asia Water on 3 sides

Justinian (527-565) The Reign of Justinian (527 – 565) Determined to reestablish the Roman Empire over the entire Mediterranean world His new empire fell within three years of his death

Justinian (527-565)

Procopius: Views of Justinian

Lasting Accomplishments The Codification of Roman Law Justinian’s most lasting contribution Was the basis of imperial law in the east until 1453 Was the basis of the European legal system The Emperor’s Building Program Rebuilt Constantinople after revolt of 532 City important as chief port of exchange of goods from East to West Public works, churches Royal palace, Hagia Sophia, Hippodrome

Accomplishments Hagia Sophia

Accomplishments Hagia Sophia Justinian Code

Caesaropapism Power centralized in figure of Emperor Christian leader cannot claim divinity, rather divine authority Political rule Involved in Religious rule as well Authority absolute

Economics of the Empire Trade routes bring key technologies, e.g. silk industry Advantage of location causes crafts and industry to expand after 6th century Tax revenues from silk route Banking services develop

Tensions with Western Europe Church Byzantine: Greek; Roman: Latin Conflicts over hierarchical control

The Byzantine Church Church and state closely aligned Byzantine Emperors appoint Patriarchs Caesaropapism creates dissent in church

Iconoclasm Emperor Leo III (r. 717-741 CE) Destruction of icons after 726 Popular protest, rioting Policy abandoned 843

Tensions between Eastern and Western Christianity Ritual disputes Beards on clergy Leavened bread for Mass Theological disputes Iconoclasm Nature of the Trinity

Schism Arguments over hierarchy, jurisdiction Autonomy of Patriarchs, or Primacy of Rome? 1054 Patriarch of Constantinople and Pope of Rome excommunicate each other East: Orthodox Church West: Roman Catholic

After Justinian Frequent Invasions Empire slowly shrinks

The Byzantine empire and its neighbors about 1100 C.E.

Challenges from the West Western European economic development Normans from Scandinavia press on Byzantine territories Crusades of 12th-13th centuries rampage through Byzantine territory Constantinople sacked, 1204

Challenges from the East Seljuk Turks invade Anatolia Threatens grain supply Defeat Byzantine army in 1071, creates civil conflict Period of steady decline until Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople in 1453 Renamed Istanbul

The Rise of Russia

The Rise of Russia

Geography

Slavs and Vikings 700-800 – Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia

Slavs and Vikings 700-800 – Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia Rurik Viking Chief

Slavs and Vikings 700-800 – Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia Rurik Viking Chief Becomes king of the Slavs

Slavs and Vikings 700-800 – Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia Rurik Viking Chief Becomes king of the Slavs Established city of Novgorod

Kiev Kiev becomes a major trading post

Kiev Kiev becomes a major trading post From Kiev, Vikings could sail to Constantinople

Christianity Comes to Russia Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures

Christianity Comes to Russia Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet

Christianity Comes to Russia Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet 957 – Princess Olga converts to Christianity

Christianity Comes to Russia Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet 957 – Princess Olga converts to Christianity Prince Vladimir I – 1st Ruler to convert to Christianity

Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code

Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code Made alliances with W. Europe

Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers

Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers Divides kingdom among 4 sons

Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers Divides kingdom among 4 sons – kingdom declines

Mongol Invasions 1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors

Mongol Invasions 1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors Golden Horde – Mongol Empire in Russia (240 years)

Mongol Invasions 1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors Golden Horde – Mongol Empire in Russia (240 years) Russians maintained rule  must pay taxes

The Growth of Moscow Stop along trade route

The Growth of Moscow Stop along trade route Area princes ally and revolt against Mongols

Tonight Read pgs 341-349 Reading Quiz Friday