REPORTED SPEECH INTRODUCTION Part 1

REPORTED SPEECH/INDIRECT SPEECH If we want to report İbrahim Tatlıses’s statement to someone else, we can do this in two ways:   “I have lost my favorite pen.”

We can repeat İbrahim’s words. This is called Direct Speech. İbrahim Tatlıses said, “I have lost my favorite pen”. We can use indirect speech. İbrahim Tatlıses said that he had lost his favorite pen. 1 2

İbrahim said,” I have lost my favourite pen”. In Direct Speech, the say-phrase may follow or precede the quoted speech. When it follows the quoted speech, it may be inverted. İbrahim said,” I have lost my favourite pen”. 1 “I have lost my favourite pen”, İbrahim said. 2 “I have lost my favourite pen”, said İbrahim. In reported speech, we use reporting verbs like say, tell, ask … etc. When direct speech is changed into indirect speech, there are usually changes in tenses, pronouns, time expressions … etc.

PUNCTUATION IN REPORTED SPEECH In Direct Speech, we place the remarks between quotation marks. Single quotation marks (‘…’) are more common in British English, and double quotation marks (“…”) in American English. Halil says, “I am feeling ill”. (USA) Halil says, ‘I am feeling ill’. (BR.E)

A colon is used when direct speech is introduced by a name or short phrase (as in the text of a play, or when famous sayings are quoted.) POLONIUS : What do you read, my lord? HAMLET : Words, words, words.

Burhan said, “I want to go swimming”. If the introductory phrase is at the beginning, we place a comma after it. If it is at the end, we use the comma before the phrase. We place a full stop at the end of all the sentences. Burhan said, “I want to go swimming”. “I want to go swimming,” Burhan said.

We can examine the reported speech in 7 groups 1. Reporting statements 2. Reporting commands, advice and requests 3. Reporting suggestions 4. Reporting modal verbs 5. Reporting exclamations 6. Reporting questions 7. Reporting mixed types

End of Part 1