Decolonization in the Global South Process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country. Decolonization was gradual and peaceful for some, but it was violent for others, where native rebellions were energized by nationalism. After World War II, European countries generally lacked the wealth and political support necessary to suppress faraway revolts; they also faced opposition from the new superpowers, the U.S. and the Soviet Union, both of which had taken positions against colonialism.

What is meant by global south? Brandt Line 1980 What is meant by global south? The North possess 80% of the world’s wealth The South only 20% Positives of Map: Simplifies data so that it's easy to understand. GDP is used which is an easy to access data source. Negatives of Map: Doesn't include some countries which are more economically developed. Generalised patterns with some countries above the Brandt line less developed less than some below North and South

MEDCs LEDCs LDCs More Economically developed countries Less economically developed Countries LDCs Least develop countries What is development? Why focus on economic development? How does this help us avoid “White Man’s Burden” syndrome?

1st, 2nd & 3rd 1st - democratic 2nd – communist 3rd non allied The three worlds as they were separated during the Cold War era, each with its respective allies as of the period between 30 April 1975 (the fall of Saigon) and 23 August 1975 (the communist takeover in Laos). Colors do not represent current economic development.

What are/were the challenges for countries gaining independence from colonial rule? Language Ethnicity Religion Class Education High population growth Established industrialized nations Congo 1960 17 graduated university 120 political parties Africans had no experience in political office 95% of Congo’s assets belong to whites

2009 LDCs 10% of world population Where are most LDCs located? To what extent can the problems in LDCs be blamed on colonization? 2009 LDCs 10% of world population Where are most LDCs located? difference Gap between rich and poor countries is increasing – poorest countries are marginalized

What circumstances led to the end of colonialism after WWII? – 694-695 World Wars weaken power of European Imperial States World Wars show lack of moral superiority of Europeans New Super Powers support National Self-determination New Super Powers oppose old European colonial empires United Nations support end of colonialism Rise of Western educated elite in colonies Lower classes also see problems in colonial rule Colonial powers can still profit without having colonies